0001193125-22-125157 | 20-F | XBRL Viewer

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Share-based Compensation - Assumptions (Details) - Equity award – share options - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Risk-free interest rate, minimum	1.28%	0.28%	2.54%
Risk-free interest rate, maximum	1.91%	1.46%	2.83%
Expected term (in years)	10 years	10 years	10 years
Expected dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Expected volatility, minimum	54.16%	42.39%	49.18%
Expected volatility, maximum	56.70%	59.65%	50.01%
Expected forfeiture rate (post-vesting)	3.00%	3.00%	3.00%
Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 0.10	$ 0.10	$ 0.10
Fair value of the ordinary shares on the date of option grant (in dollars per share)	6.4850	0.8415	0.3493
Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Exercise price (in dollars per share)		1.74	0.50
Fair value of the ordinary shares on the date of option grant (in dollars per share)	$ 11.5675	$ 8.9816	$ 1.4751

Business acquisition (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Business Acquisition [Line Items]

Schedule of Estimated Fair Value of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed


	As of acquisition close date
	2020
	(US$ thousand)

Fair value of consideration transferred
Cash (1)	$	3,150
Ordinary shares		850
Number of ordinary shares issued		85
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed
Cash and cash-equivalents	$	556
Accounts receivable		203
Prepayments and other current assets		24
Property and equipment, net		15
Intangible assets, net		213
Salary and welfare payable		(31	)
Taxes payable and other accrued liabilities		(16	)
Deferred tax liabilities (2)		(53	)

Total identifiable net assets acquired		911

Goodwill		3,089

Total purchase consideration	$	4,000

(1)	The cash payment for Netless was made in first and second quarter of 2021.

(2)

As part of the business combination, the Company acquired developed technology at a gross amount of US$0.2 million, with an estimated useful life of 5 years that will be amortized on a straight-line basis; amortization expense of US$3.5 thousand and US$42.6 thousand recorded in general and administrative expense for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2021. A deferred tax liability of US$53.2 thousand arising from the difference between the accounting basis and tax basis of the identifiable intangible asset is recognized and will be realized over 5 years which is in line with the developed technology’s amortization period. The recognition of the deferred tax liability related to the intangible asset in turn increases the book basis of the asset.

Acquisition Of Easemob [Member]

Business Acquisition [Line Items]

Schedule of Estimated Fair Value of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed

The acquisition was recorded as a business combination. The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition, as well as the fair value of the consideration transferred:


	As of acquisition close date
	2021
	(US$ thousand)

Fair value of consideration transferred
Cash (1)	$	53,350
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed
Cash and cash-equivalents	$	1,331
Accounts receivable		451
Prepayments and other current assets		704
Contract asset		705
Fixed assets		2
Intangible assets, net		8,155
Operating lease right-of-use assets		413
Other non-current assets		26
Accounts payable		(134	)
Advances from customers		(6,710	)
Salary and welfare payable		(2,863	)
Taxes payable and other accrued liabilities		(200	)
Operating lease liabilities		(363	)
Deferred tax liabilities (2)		(1,219	)

Total identifiable net assets acquired		298

Goodwill		53,052

Total purchase consideration	$	53,350

(1)	The cash consideration for Easemob has not been fully paid. As of December 31, 2021, the amount of US$4.6 million was recorded as a payable in accrued expenses and other current liabilities.

(2)	A deferred tax liability of US$ 1.2 million arising from the difference between the accounting basis and tax basis of the identifiable intangible asset is recognized. The recognition of the deferred tax liability related to the intangible asset in turn increases the book basis of the asset.

Business acquisition

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Business Combinations [Abstract]

Business acquisition

3.	Business acquisitions

The Company accounted for its acquisition in accordance with ASC 805, “Business Combination” (“ASC 805”). The result of the acquiree’s operation has been included in the consolidated financial statements since the acquisition date. The excess of the fair value of the acquired entity over the fair value of net tangible and intangible assets acquired was recorded as goodwill, which is not deductible for corporate income taxation purposes.

Acquisition of Netless

On November 27, 2020 (the “acquisition close date”), the Company acquired 100% equity interests of Netless, a real-time interactive whiteboard solution provider, from its shareholders for a cash and share consideration totaling to $4.0 million. The Company acquired Netless to enhance its ability to provide a more diverse product portfolio to developers around the world. After the acquisition close date, there were cash and share-based awards granted to Netless employees that joined the Company. Refer to Note

– Share-based compensation for additional details on the post-combination share arrangement.


	As of acquisition close date
	2020
	(US$ thousand)

Fair value of consideration transferred
Cash (1)	$	3,150
Ordinary shares		850
Number of ordinary shares issued		85
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed
Cash and cash-equivalents	$	556
Accounts receivable		203
Prepayments and other current assets		24
Property and equipment, net		15
Intangible assets, net		213
Salary and welfare payable		(31	)
Taxes payable and other accrued liabilities		(16	)
Deferred tax liabilities (2)		(53	)

Total identifiable net assets acquired		911

Goodwill		3,089

Total purchase consideration	$	4,000

(1)	The cash payment for Netless was made in first and second quarter of 2021.

(2)

The excess of purchase price over tangible assets and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed was recorded as goodwill. Goodwill associated with acquisition of Netless was attributed to expected synergies arising from the acquisition. The acquired goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes. Acquisition-related costs were immaterial and were included in general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2020.

The Company has not presented pro forma combined results for this acquisition because the impact to the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss would not have been material individually or in the aggregate.

Acquisition of Easemob

On February 28, 2021 (the “acquisition close date”), the Company acquired 100% equity interests of Easemob, a leading provider of instant messaging APIs and customer engagement cloud services in China, from its shareholders for a cash consideration totaling to $53.4 million. The Company acquired Easemob to complement its product offerings and accelerate the realization of its vision in making real-time engagement ubiquitous.


	As of acquisition close date
	2021
	(US$ thousand)

Fair value of consideration transferred
Cash (1)	$	53,350
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed
Cash and cash-equivalents	$	1,331
Accounts receivable		451
Prepayments and other current assets		704
Contract asset		705
Fixed assets		2
Intangible assets, net		8,155
Operating lease right-of-use assets		413
Other non-current assets		26
Accounts payable		(134	)
Advances from customers		(6,710	)
Salary and welfare payable		(2,863	)
Taxes payable and other accrued liabilities		(200	)
Operating lease liabilities		(363	)
Deferred tax liabilities (2)		(1,219	)

Total identifiable net assets acquired		298

Goodwill		53,052

Total purchase consideration	$	53,350

(1)	The cash consideration for Easemob has not been fully paid. As of December 31, 2021, the amount of US$4.6 million was recorded as a payable in accrued expenses and other current liabilities.

(2)	A deferred tax liability of US$ 1.2 million arising from the difference between the accounting basis and tax basis of the identifiable intangible asset is recognized. The recognition of the deferred tax liability related to the intangible asset in turn increases the book basis of the asset.

As part of the business combination, the Company acquired customer relationships at a gross amount of US$4.2 million, with an estimated useful life of 3 years and developed technology at a gross amount of US$4.0 million, with an estimated useful life of 5 years that will be amortized on a straight-line basis; amortization expense of US$1.2 million recorded in sales and marketing expense and US$0.7 million research and development expense for the year ended December 31, 2021. The intangible assets were measured at fair value upon acquisition primarily using the relief from royalty method and multi-periods excess earning method. Key assumptions and estimates used in determining the fair value of these intangible assets are comprised of cash flow projections including revenue growth rates, discount rate, royalty rate and discount rates.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)
$ in Thousands

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Dec. 31, 2020

Dec. 31, 2019

Cash flows from operating activities:

Net loss

$ (72,355)

$ (3,115)

$ (6,177)

Share-based compensation expense

31,481

11,974

3,405

Allowance for current expected credit losses

4,828

^[1]

1,365

780

Depreciation of property and equipment

8,281

4,460

1,868

Amortization of intangible assets

1,933

Deferred tax expense

238

378

(336)

Amortization of right-of-use asset and interest on lease liabilities

3,724

Change in the fair value of investments

1,064

Interest income on debt securities

(295)

Equity in income of affiliates

(329)

Impairments of long-term investments

626

Return on investment from equity affiliates

329

Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effect of acquisition:

Accounts receivable

(8,513)

(11,154)

5,587

Contract assets

(240)

Prepayments and other current assets

(907)

(5,140)

206

Other non-current assets

(128)

(692)

(135)

Accounts payable

(734)

1,755

1,121

Advances from customers

878

335

302

Taxes payable

155

(450)

1,215

Operating lease liabilities

(3,995)

Deferred income

(102)

Accrued expenses and other liabilities

14,061

6,848

4,044

Net cash generated from (used in) operating activities

(20,000)

6,564

706

Cash flows from investing activities:

Purchase of short-term investments

(504,563)

(522,730)

(97,558)

Proceeds from sale and maturity of short-term investments

558,618

99,008

Purchase of long-term investments

(48,843)

Purchase of property and equipment

(12,211)

(12,878)

(4,802)

Purchase of intangible assets

(263)

Cash received from (paid for) an acquisition

(50,566)

556

Return of investment from equity affiliates

138

Net cash used in investing activities

(57,690)

(535,052)

(3,352)

Cash flows from financing activities:

Proceeds from the private placement, net of issuance costs paid

249,950

Proceeds from the initial public offering and concurrent private placement, net of underwriter discounts and commissions and other offering costs paid

483,628

Proceeds from exercise of employees' share options

2,042

Payment of financing cost

(55)

Net cash provided by financing activities

251,937

533,638

Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

279

465

(269)

Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

174,526

5,615

(2,915)

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year/period

111,298

105,683

108,598

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year/period

285,824

111,298

105,683

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:

Income taxes paid

966

742

411

Cash paid for fixed operating lease costs included in the measurement of lease obligations in operating activities

3,995

Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations

4,300

Non-cash financing and investing activities:

Accretion to redemption value of convertible redeemable preferred shares

193,466

50,715

Payables for property and equipment

373

2,293

613

Consideration payable for the acquisition

4,603

3,150

Proceeds receivable from exercise of employees' share options

329

612

Deposits utilized for employees' share option exercises

(339)

Payables for deferred initial public offering cost

287

Payables for long-term investment

5,490

Payables for deferred financing cost

2,234

Series C+ Preferred Stock

Cash flows from financing activities:

Proceeds from issuance of Series C+ convertible redeemable preferred shares, net of issuance costs of nil

$ 0

$ 50,000,002

$ 0

[1]	The allowance for current expected credit losses reflects the Company’s estimated probable incurred losses upon adoption of ASC 326. See Note 2(j) for the Company’s CECL policy.

Commitment and Contingencies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

19.	Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Lease Commitments

The Group entered into various

non-cancelable

operating lease agreements for its facilities with remaining lease terms of up to 3.25 years. See Note 9 to these consolidated financial statements for additional detail on the Group’s operating lease commitments.

Contractual Purchase Obligations

The Group has entered into

non-cancellable

agreements related to the purchase of network equipment from third party vendors. As of December 31, 2021, contractual purchase obligations with respect to these servers consist of the following:


	Contractual Purchase Obligations
	(US$ thousand)
2022	$	751

Property and Equipment, Net (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following:


	As of December 31,
	2020			2021

	(US$ thousand)
Cost:
Network equipment	$	19,901		$	27,804
Electronic equipment		2,232			3,324
Leasehold improvements		1,950			2,755
Furniture, computers and office equipment		874			1,064

Total cost		24,957			34,947
Less: accumulated depreciation		(8,203	)		(16,879	)
Capitalized internal-use software development costs		—			844
Construction in progress		—			282

Property and equipment, ne t	$	16,754		$	19,194

Intangible Assets, Net - Schedule of Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite Lived Intangible Assets Gross	$ 8,676	$ 213
Less: Accumulated amortization	(1,979)	(4)
Intangible assets	$ 6,697	209
Weighted average amortization period	4 years
Cost: Developed technology (Note 3)
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite Lived Intangible Assets Gross	$ 4,169	213
Less: Accumulated amortization	(705)	(4)
Intangible assets	$ 3,464	209
Weighted average amortization period	5 years
Customer relationships (Note 3)
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite Lived Intangible Assets Gross	$ 4,172	0
Less: Accumulated amortization	(1,159)	0
Intangible assets	$ 3,013	0
Weighted average amortization period	3 years
Others
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite Lived Intangible Assets Gross	$ 335	0
Less: Accumulated amortization	(115)	0
Intangible assets	$ 220	$ 0
Weighted average amortization period	5 years

Other Non-current Assets - Schedule of Other Non-current Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Deferred financing costs	$ 2,289	$ 0
Long-term deposits	1,136	1,024
Equipment in-transit	273	470
Others	221	110
Other non-current assets	$ 3,919	$ 1,604

Organization and Nature of Operations

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Organization and Nature of Operations

1.	Organization and Nature of Operations

(a)

Principal Activities

Agora, Inc. (the “Company”), an exempted company with limited liability, was incorporated in Cayman Islands on November 29, 2013. The Company, through its consolidated subsidiaries and variable interest

entities (“VIEs”)

(collectively referred to as the “Group”) engages primarily in providing Real-Time Engagement

Platform-as-a-Service

(“RTE-PaaS”),

which offers developers software tools to embed real-time video, voice and messaging capabilities into their applications without the need to create and maintain the underlying infrastructure themselves. The Group’s real-time engagement products are delivered through its Software-Defined Real-Time Network

(“SD-RTN”),

which is a virtual network overlay on top of the public internet. The Group’s principal operation and geographic market is in the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”) and the United States.

(b)

Reorganization and acquisitions

The Group commenced its operations in 2014 through Agora Lab, Inc. and Shanghai Zhaoyan Network Technology Co., Ltd. (“Zhaoyan”), both of which were established and controlled by Bin (Tony) Zhao (the “Founder”). In December 2014, Agora IO, Inc was formed as part of a reorganization through which the Company, Agora IO, Inc and their respective shareholders entered into a share swap arrangement resulting in the Company along with its subsidiary, Agora Lab, Inc., becoming Agora IO, Inc’s subsidiaries. Further, Agora IO Hongkong Limited and Dayin Network Technology Co., Ltd. (“Dayin”) were established. The Group then entered into a series of contractual arrangements among Dayin, Zhaoyan and Zhaoyan’s shareholders in June 2015, and thereafter Zhaoyan became the variable interest entity of the Group (collectively referred to as the “Historical Reorganization”).

In January 2020, the Group underwent another reorganization (the “Corporate Reorganization”) which ultimately resulted in Agora, Inc. becoming the parent company of the Group and the issuer in connection with its planned initial public offering in the United States in the following steps:

First, Agora IO, Inc contributed 100% of the shares of Agora IO Hongkong Limited into Agora, Inc., after which Agora, Inc. held 100% of the equity securities of Agora IO Hongkong, Limited. Second, the Company obtained shares of Agora IO, Inc by having the shareholders swap their current Agora IO, Inc shares for the same number of shares in Agora, Inc., which mirrored the restrictions, rights, preferences and privileges as stipulated in the current shareholder agreements governing Agora IO, Inc. Agora IO, Inc became a wholly owned subsidiary of Agora, Inc., and in return, the shareholders of Agora IO, Inc became shareholders of Agora, Inc. As a result of the Corporate Reorganization, Agora, Inc. became wholly owned by the former shareholders of Agora IO, Inc while Agora IO, Inc became wholly owned by Agora, Inc.

The Corporate Reorganization was completed on January 19, 2020. Through the Historical Reorganization and the Corporate Reorganization, the Group’s business continued to be carried out by Agora Lab, Inc. and Zhaoyan without a change in control. The Historical Reorganization and the Corporate Reorganization were accounted for as transactions under common control and therefore, the carryover basis was used to record assets and liabilities of Agora Lab, Inc. and Zhaoyan using historical costs for all periods presented as if the current corporate structure after the Corporate Reorganization had existed as of the beginning of the earliest period presented in the consolidated financial statements to reflect the final shares issued in the Corporate Reorganization. After the completion of the Corporate Reorganization, the Group’s consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries and the consolidated VIE (Zhaoyan).

During 2020, the Company established Shanghai Jiyin Network Technology Co., Ltd. to further develop their business in the PRC.

On November 27, 2020, the Company acquired 100% equity interests of Netless, a real-time interactive whiteboard solution provider, from its shareholders for a cash and share consideration totaling to $4 million (Note 3).

On February 28, 2021, the Company acquired 100% equity interests of Easemob, a leading provider of instant messaging APIs and customer engagement cloud services in China, from its shareholders for a cash consideration totaling to $53.4 million (Note 3). There was a consolidated variable interest entity within the Easemob group structure that was acquired as part of the transaction, but the related financial statement balances and business volume are not material.

The Company’s principal subsidiaries and VIEs as of December 31, 2019 and 2020 and 2021 are as follows:


	Date of Incorporation	Place of Incorporation	Percentage of Direct or Indirect Ownership	Principal Activities
Subsidiaries:
Agora Lab, Inc.	January 13, 2014	California, United States	100%	Provision of services
Agora IO, Inc	December 2, 2014	Cayman Islands	100%	Investment holding
Agora IO Hongkong Limited	December 12, 2014	Hong Kong	100%	Investment holding
Dayin Network Technology Co., Ltd. (“Dayin”)	April 30, 2015	PRC	100%	Provision of services
Shanghai Jiyin Network Technology Co., Ltd. (“Jiyin”)	May 26, 2020	PRC	100%	Provision of services
Agora.IO Ltd	July 25, 2019	United Kingdom	100%	Startup
Agora IO Singapore PTE. Ltd.	November 4, 2020	Singapore	100%	Provision of services
Beijing Yizhang Yunfeng Technology Co., Ltd (“Beijing Easemob”)	April 27. 2013	PRC	100%	Provision of services
VIEs:
Shanghai Zhaoyan Network Technology Co., Ltd. (“Zhaoyan”)	March 28, 2014	PRC	100%	Provision of services
Beijing Zhonghuan Chuanyin Technology Co., Ltd. (“Zhonghuan”)	April 22, 2020	PRC	100%	Provision of services

(c)

Consolidated Variable Interest Entities

In order to comply with the PRC laws and regulations which prohibit or restrict foreign control of companies involved in the internet sector, the Group operates its businesses in the PRC through its VIEs. The Company obtained control over the VIEs by entering into a series of contractual arrangements with the VIEs and the legal shareholders who are also referred to as nominee shareholders. These nominee shareholders are the legal owners of the VIEs. However, the rights of those nominee shareholders have been transferred to the Company through a series of contractual arrangements.

The principal terms of the contractual arrangements entered into by and among Dayin, Beijing Easemob, collectively known as “the WFOEs”, the VIEs and the nominee shareholders of VIEs are described below:

Exclusive Technology Consulting and Services Agreement

Under the Exclusive Technology Consulting and Services Agreement between the WFOEs and the VIEs, the WFOEs have the exclusive right to provide the VIEs consulting services related to, among other things, information consulting, assisting in information collection and market research, and providing training to personnel. The WFOEs have the exclusive ownership of intellectual property rights created as a result of the performance of this agreement. Zhaoyan shall pay to Dayin an annual service fee, which may only be adjusted with the approval of Dayin and Agora IO Hongkong Limited and (b) Zhonghuan Chuanyin shall pay Easemob services fees based on the services it provides with the amount determined and requested by Easemob.

Unless otherwise agreed pursuant to the agreement, the agreement will remain effective until the earlier of: (1) the end of a

ten-year

term, which will automatically extend annually unless Dayin provides 30 days’ prior written notice to Zhaoyan; (2) Dayin terminates the agreement because of Zhaoyan’s breach of the agreement; and (3) termination of the term of operation of Zhaoyan. Unless otherwise agreed pursuant to the agreement, the agreement between Beijing Easemob and Zhonghuan will remain effective until the earlier of (a) notice termination from Beijing Easemob to Zhonghuan and (b) the termination of operation of Zhonghuan.

For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, the service fees

charged by the WFOEs to the VIEs pursuant to the above agreements

is US$32.9 million, US$53.8 million and US$12.7 million, respectively.

Voting Rights Proxy Agreement and Irrevocable Powers of Attorney

Under the Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, by and among the WFOEs, the VIEs and each of the shareholders of the VIEs, and the related irrevocable powers of attorney executed by the VIESs’ shareholders pursuant to the Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, each of the shareholders of the VIEs irrevocably granted the WFOEs’ designated representative full power of attorney to exercise his or her rights as a shareholder of the VIEs including rights to convene and attend shareholders’ meeting, nominate and elect directors, and appoint and dismiss the senior management of the VIEs.

Unless otherwise agreed pursuant to the Voting Rights Proxy Agreement in respect of Zhaoyan, it will remain effective until the earlier of: (1) the end of a

ten-year

term, which will automatically extend annually unless Dayin provide 30 days’ prior written notice to Zhaoyan; (2) the termination of the term of operation of Zhaoyan. As agreed by the relevant parties, the Voting Rights Proxy Agreement in respect of Zhonghuan is irrevocable and shall remain effective until the earlier of (a) written agreement among the parties on the termination of the Voting Rights Proxy Agreements; (b) any of its Registered Shareholders transfers all equity interest in Zhonghuan as approved by Beijing Easemob; and (c) the termination of operation of Zhonghuan. The related irrevocable powers of attorney will remain effective until the expiration or early termination of the Voting Rights Proxy Agreement.

Share Pledge Agreement

Pursuant to the Share Pledge Agreement, among the WFOEs, the VIEs and the VIEs’ shareholders, the shareholders of the VIEs pledged all of their equity interests in the VIEs to the WFOEs to guarantee their and the VIEs’ performance of their obligations under the contractual arrangements. In the event of a breach by the VIEs or the VIEs’ shareholders of contractual obligations under these agreements, the WFOEs, as pledgee, will be entitled the right to dispose of the pledged equity interests in the VIEs. The shareholders of the VIEs also undertakes that, during the term of the share pledge agreement, without the prior written consent to the WFOEs, they shall not dispose of the pledged equity interests or create or allow any encumbrance on the pledged equity interests. Zhaoyan’s shareholders shall also not increase the registered capital of Zhaoyan; if there is any increased registered capital pursuant to the terms of this agreement, such increased registered capital would also be deemed as pledged equity interest. Following the terms of the Share Pledge Agreement, the shareholders of Zhaoyan have registered the pledge at the SAMR on July 29, 2015. The pledge will remain binding until Zhaoyan and their shareholders discharge all their obligations under the contractual arrangements and the

de-registration

at SAMR is completed. The pledge registration for Zhonghuan’s shareholders was completed in March 2022 pursuant to PRC laws and regulations.

Exclusive Option Agreement

Pursuant to the Exclusive Option Agreement, among the WFOEs, the VIEs and the VIEs’ shareholders, each of the shareholders of the VIEs irrevocably granted the WFOEs an exclusive option to purchase, or have its designated person to purchase, at its discretion, to the extent permitted under PRC law, all or part of their equity interests in the VIEs, and the purchase price shall be (a) the registered capital of Zhaoyan pro rata to Zhaoyan’s shareholders’ shareholdings or the lowest price permitted by applicable PRC law in respect of the Exclusive Option Agreement entered into by, among others, Zhaoyan and Dayin and (b) the lowest price as permitted by the applicable PRC laws in respect of the Exclusive Option Agreement entered into by, among others, Zhonghuan and Beijing Easemob. The shareholders of the VIEs undertake that, without the prior written consent of the WFOEs, they shall not, among other things, increase or decrease the registered capital of the VIEs, dispose of its assets, incur any debts or guarantee liabilities, terminate any material agreements or enter into any agreements that are in conflict with any of the existing material agreements, distribute or vote to distribute any profits, interests or dividends, amend its articles of association or provide any loans to third parties.

Unless otherwise agreed pursuant to the agreement, the Exclusive Option Agreement between Dayin and Zhaoyan will remain effective until the earliest of: (1) the end of a

ten-year

term that is automatically extended annually unless Dayin gives Zhaoyan a termination notice 30 days before the term ends; (2) all equity interests in Zhaoyan held by Zhaoyan’s shareholders are transferred or assigned to Dayin or its designated representatives; and (3) the termination of the term of operation of Zhaoyan. The Exclusive Option Agreements between Beijing Easemob and Zhonghuan will remain effective until the earliest of: (a) all equity interests in Zhonghuan held by its shareholders are transferred or assigned to Beijing Easemob or their designated representatives; and (b) other terms and conditions specified under each Exclusive Option Agreements.

Loan Agreement

As part of the Contractual Arrangements between Beijing Easemob and Zhonghuan, the relevant Registered Shareholders entered into a loan agreement with Beijing Easemob and Zhonghuan, pursuant to which Beijing Easemob agreed to provide loans to the Registered Shareholders of Zhonghuan, to be used exclusively as investment in Zhonghuan. The loans must not be used for any other purposes without Easemob’s prior consent.

Subject to an absolute discretion by Beijing Easemob to accelerate the maturity date, the maturity date of the loan will be the earliest of (a) the end of a

ten-year

term, (b) the termination of operation of Zhonghuan or Beijing Easemob, or (d) any time determined by Beijing Easemob with a 30 days’ prior written notice in compliance with relevant laws and regulations.

After Beijing Easemob, the lender, exercises its exclusive call option under the Exclusive Option Agreement, each of the two borrowers shall, as permitted under the applicable laws, repay the loan by transferring all of his equity interest in Zhonghuan to Beijing Easemob or representatives designated by Beijing Easemob, and use the proceeds of such transfer as repayment of the loan. Under the circumstances that the proceeds of such transfer is higher than the principal of the loan under the Loan Agreement, any surplus is considered interest for the loan.

The contractual arrangements above cannot be unilaterally terminated. Management concluded that the Company, through the WFOEs and the contractual arrangements, has the power and control to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIEs’ economic performance, bears the risks and enjoys the rewards normally associated with ownership of the VIEs, receive substantially all of the economic benefits and residual returns, and absorb substantially all the risks and expected losses from the VIEs as if it was their sole shareholder and therefore the Company is the ultimate primary beneficiary of the VIEs. As such, the Group consolidates the financial results of the VIEs which are prepared in accordance with the basis of presentation as stated in Note 2 below.

The following financial information set forth the assets, liabilities, results of operations and changes in cash and cash equivalents of the consolidated VIEs and the VIEs’ subsidiaries taken as a whole of the Group as of December 31, 2020 and 2021 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, which was included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Group with intercompany transactions eliminated as follows:


	As of December 31,
	2020		2021

	(US$ thousand)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	2,362	$	2,786
Short-term investments		12,414		7,547
Accounts receivable, net		23,558		24,625
Amounts due from related parties		2,090		10,109
Prepayments and other current assets		2,704		1,259

Total current assets		43,128		46,326

Non-current assets:
Property and equipment, net		8,951		7,639
Deferred tax assets		511		—
Long-term investments		—		16,919
Operating lease right-of-use assets		—		766
Intangible a ssets		—		231
Other non-current assets		205		312

Total non-current assets		9,667		25,867

Total assets	$	52,795	$	72,193

Liabilities
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable		5,337		3,751
Amounts due to related parties		34,198		44,394
Advances from customers		1,113		1,491
Taxes payable		254		241
Current operating lease liabilities		—		459
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		5,035		15,721

Total current liabilities		45,937		66,057

Non-current liabilities:
Long term payable		—		228
Long-term operating lease liabilities		—		305
Deferred tax liabilities		—		43

Total non-current liabilities		—		576

Total liabilities	$	45,937	$	66,633


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2020		2021
	(US$ thousand)

Total revenues		57,445		115,831		114,617
Net income (loss)		225		1,247		(5,660	)


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2020			2021
	(US$ thousand)

Net cash and cash equivalents generated from operating activities		9,390			3,918			15,740
Net cash and cash equivalents used in investing activities		(998	)		(18,865	)		(15,316	)

In accordance with the aforementioned agreements, the Company has power to direct activities of the VIEs, and can have assets transferred out of the VIEs. Therefore the Company considers that there is no asset in the VIEs that can be used only to settle obligations of the VIEs, except for registered capital, as of December 31, 2020 and 2021. As the VIEs were formed as a limited liability company under the PRC Company Law, the creditors do not have recourse to the general credit of the Company for all the liabilities of the VIEs.

There is currently no contractual arrangement that would require the Company to provide additional financial support to the VIEs. As the Group is conducting certain businesses in the PRC through the VIEs, the Group may provide additional financial support on a discretionary basis in the future, which could expose the Group to a loss.

There is no variable interest entity where the Company has variable interest but is not the primary beneficiary.

The Chairman and CEO owns the majority of the voting shares of the Company. The Chairman and CEO along with a small number of other employees, together the nominee shareholders, own the majority of the voting shares of the VIEs respectively. The enforceability, and therefore the benefits, of the contractual agreements between the Company and the VIE depend on these individuals enforcing the contracts. There is a risk that the benefits of ownership between the Company and the VIE may not be aligned in the future. Given the significance and importance of the VIEs, there would be a significant negative impact to the Company if these contracts were not enforced.

The Group’s operations depend on the VIEs to honor their contractual agreements with the Group and the Company’s ability to control the VIEs also depends on the authorization by the shareholders of the VIEs to exercise voting rights on all matters requiring shareholder approval in the VIEs. The Company’s PRC legal counsel is of the view that the contractual arrangements among the VIEs’ shareholders, the VIEs and WFOEs are valid, binding and are legally enforceable.

The Company’s ability to control the VIEs also depend on the voting rights proxy and the effect of the share pledge under the Share Pledge Agreements and the WFOEs have to vote on all matters requiring shareholders’ approval in the VIEs. While this voting right proxy is legally enforceable in the view of the Company’s PRC legal counsel, it may not be as effective as direct equity ownership.

Organization and Nature of Operations - Summary Of Principal Subsidiaries And VIEs (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosure Of Major Subsidiaries And Variable Interest Entities [Line Items]
Percentage of Direct or Indirect Ownership	100.00%
Principal Activities	Provision of services
Percentage of Direct or Indirect Ownership, VIEs	100.00%
Principal Activities, VIEs	Provision of services
Place Of Incorporation	PRC

Share Based Compensation - Restricted Shares Activity (Details) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Equity award - restricted shares
Numbers of Shares
Beginning balance (in shares)	512,782	2,805,556	9,450,348
Granted (in shares)	0	512,782	0
Reclassified from liability classified restricted shares (in shares)			26,042
Vested (in shares)	0	(2,805,556)	(6,670,834)
Ending balance (in shares)	512,782	512,782	2,805,556
Weighted-average Grant Date Fair Value
Beginning balance (in dollars per share)	$ 10.16	$ 0.02	$ 0.02
Granted (in dollars per share)	0	10.16	0
Reclassified from liability classified restricted shares (in dollars per share)			0.02
Vested (in dollars per share)	0	0.02	0.02
Ending balance (in dollars per share)	$ 10.16	$ 10.16	$ 0.02
Liability award – restricted shares
Numbers of Shares
Beginning balance (in shares)	0	0	88,542
Granted (in shares)			0
Reclassified to equity classified restricted shares (in shares)			(26,042)
Vested (in shares)			(62,500)
Ending balance (in shares)	0	0	0
Weighted-average Grant Date Fair Value
Beginning balance (in dollars per share)			$ 0.02
Granted (in dollars per share)			0
Reclassified to equity classified restricted shares (in dollars per share)			0.02
Vested (in dollars per share)			$ 0.02
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Numbers of Shares
Beginning balance (in shares)	263,621	0
Granted (in shares)	4,106,498	263,621
Vested (in shares)	(384,585)	0
Forfeited (in shares)	(33,004)
Ending balance (in shares)	3,952,530	263,621	0
Weighted-average Grant Date Fair Value
Beginning balance (in dollars per share)	$ 10.30	$ 0
Granted (in dollars per share)	7.10	10.30
Vested (in dollars per share)	8.84	0
Forfeited (in dollars per share)	10.09
Ending balance (in dollars per share)	$ 7.12	$ 10.30	$ 0

Prepayments and Other Current Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Prepayments and Other Current Assets

The prepayments and other current assets consisted of the following:


	As of December 31,
	2020		2021

	(US$ thousand)

Prepayments (1)	$	1,772	$	2,820
Interest receivables		1,446		2,674
VAT recoverable (2)		1,353		1,806
Employee loans and advances ( 3 )		2,186		888
Proceeds receivable for employee share option exercises		612		329
Restricted cash		80		130
Others		10		154

	$	7,459	$	8,801

(1)	Prepayments are primarily related to prepayments for services, advertisements and other deposits.

(2)	VAT recoverable represented the balances that the Group can utilize to deduct its VAT liabilities within the next 12 months.

(3)

Employee advances and loans are primarily advances to employees that are business related, taxes paid on behalf of employees related to their options, or personal loans granted to select qualified employees with interest or a guarantee. The loan balances are expected to be repaid by the employee within one year.

Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share -Earnings Per Share Computation (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Numerator:
Net income (loss)	$ (72,355)	$ (3,115)	$ (6,177)
Less: cumulative undeclared dividends on convertible redeemable preferred shares	0	(6,715)	(9,962)
Less: accretion on convertible redeemable preferred shares to redemption value	0	(193,466)	(50,715)
Net loss attributable to Agora, Inc.'s ordinary shareholders	$ (72,355)	$ (203,296)	$ (66,854)
Denominator:
Weighted average number of ordinary shares—basic and diluted	440,864,190	268,849,967	115,716,392
Basic and diluted loss per share	$ (0.16)	$ (0.76)	$ (0.58)

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

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- Definition

Amount, after deduction of tax, noncontrolling interests, dividends on preferred stock and participating securities; of income (loss) available to common shareholders.

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Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Earnings Per Share Computation

The computation of earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021 is as follows:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2020			2021

	(US$ thousand)
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(6,177	)	$	(3,115	)	$	(72,355	)
Cumulative undeclared dividends on convertible redeemable preferred shares		(9,962	)		(6,715	)		—
Accretion on convertible redeemable preferred shares to redemption value (Note 1 3 )		(50,715	)		(193,466	)		—

Net loss attributable to Agora, Inc.’s ordinary shareholders - basic and diluted		(66,854	)		(203,296	)		(72,355	)

Denominator:
Denominator for basic and diluted loss per share weighted-average ordinary shares outstanding		115,716,392			268,849,967			440,864,190

Basic and diluted loss per share	$	(0.58	)	$	(0.76	)	$	(0.16	)

(1)

Options exercisable for a minimal exercise price are included in the denominator of basic loss per share calculation once there are no further vesting conditions or contingencies associated with them, as they are considered contingently issuable shares. Accordingly, a weighted average of 159,498 shares related to these options, for which the exercise price is zero dollars per share, are included in the denominator for the computation of basic loss per share for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Schedule of Antidilutive Ordinary Shares Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share

The following ordinary shares equivalent were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per ordinary share for the periods presented because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2020		2021
Preferred shares - weighted average		167,855,481		86,731,855		—
Share options - weighted average		26,923,735		39,846,432		39,790,418
Restricted share - weighted average		5,154,272		479,275		204,129
Restricted share units - weighted average		—		32,870		471,680
VPP shares – weighted average		—		39,311		72,257

Income Taxes - Pre-tax Income (Loss) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Pre-tax income (loss) from PRC entities	$ (62,008)	$ 8,036	$ 6,790
Pre-tax loss from non-PRC entities	(9,836)	(10,588)	(12,166)
Total pre-tax loss	$ (71,844)	$ (2,552)	$ (5,376)

Principal Accounting Policies - Summary of Concentration Risk (Details) - Customer Concentration Risk - Accounts Receivable	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Customer A Social Media Platform [Member]
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage		12.00%
Customer B Education Media Platform [Member]
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	16.00%

Intangible Assets, Net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Intangible Assets, Net

8.	Intangible Assets, net

Intangible asset is comprised of following:


			2021								2020
	Weighted average amortization period		Cost		Accumulated Amortization				Net		Cost		Accumulated Amortization				Net
	(in years)		(US$ thousand)
Developed technology (Note 3)	5	$		4,169	$	(705	)	$		3,464	$	213	$	(4	)	$		209
Customer relationships (Note 3)	3			4,172		(1,159	)			3,013		—		—				—
Others	5			335		(115	)			220		—		—				—

Total	4	$		8,676	$	(1,979	)	$		6,697	$	213	$	(4	)	$		209

Amortization expense was

US$2.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2021, the Company will record estimated amortization expenses of US$2.3 million, US$2.3 million, US$1.1 million

US$0.8 million and US$0.1 million for the years ending December 31, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025 and 2026, respectively.

Intangible Assets, Net - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortization of intangible assets	$ 1,933	$ 0	$ 0
2022	2,300
2023	2,300
2024	1,100
2025	800
2026	$ 100

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 285,668	$ 111,218
Short-term investments	469,636	524,220
Accounts receivable, net	32,619	27,840
Prepayments and other current assets	8,801	7,459
Contract assets	962	0
Total current assets	797,686	670,737
Non-current assets:
Property and equipment, net	19,194	16,754
Operating lease right-of-use assets	7,436	0
Intangible assets	6,697	209
Goodwill	56,142	3,089
Long-term investments	53,925	0
Deferred tax assets	0	511
Other non-current assets	3,919	1,604
Total non-current assets	147,313	22,167
Total assets	944,999	692,904
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable (including accounts payable of the variable interest entities ("VIEs") without recourse to the Company of US$5,337 and US$3,751 as of December 31, 2020 and 2021, respectively)	5,309	7,721
Advances from customers (including advances from customers of the VIEs without recourse to the Company of US$1,113 and US$1,491 as of December 31, 2020 and 2021, respectively)	9,068	1,339
Taxes payable (including taxes payable of the VIEs without recourse to the Company of US$254 and US$241 as of December 31, 2020 and 2021, respectively)	2,435	2,171
Current operating lease liabilities (including current operating lease liabilities of the VIEs without recourse to the Company of nil and US$459 as of December 31, 2020 and 2021, respectively)	3,957	0
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities (including accrued expenses and other current liabilities of the VIEs without recourse to the Company of US$5,035 and US$15,721 as of December 31, 2020 and 2021, respectively)	53,034	23,926
Amounts due to a related party (Note 20)	0	1,150
Total current liabilities	73,803	36,307
Non-current liabilities:
Long term payable (including long term payable of the VIEs without recourse to the Company of nil and US$228 as of December 31, 2020 and 2021, respectively)	495	82
Long-term operating lease liabilities (including long-term operating lease liabilities of the VIEs without recourse to the Company of nil and US$305 as of December 31, 2020 and 2021, respectively)	3,452	0
Deferred tax liabilities (including deferred tax liabilities of the VIEs without recourse to the Company of nil and $43 as of December 31, 2020 and 2021, respectively)	988	52
Total non-current liabilities	4,935	134
Total liabilities	78,738	36,441
Commitments and contingencies (Note 19)
Shareholders' equity
Additional paid-in-capital	1,099,369	818,428
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	3,149	1,941
Accumulated deficit	(236,302)	(163,947)
Total shareholders' equity	866,261	656,463
Total liabilities, and shareholders' equity	944,999	692,904
Common Class A
Shareholders' equity
Ordinary shares	37	33
Common Class B
Shareholders' equity
Ordinary shares	$ 8	$ 8

Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

17.	Income Taxes

Cayman Islands

Under the current laws of the Cayman Islands, the Company is not subject to tax on income or capital gain. Additionally, the Cayman Islands does not impose a withholding tax on payments of dividends to shareholders.

Hong Kong

The Company’s subsidiary in Hong Kong is subject to Hong Kong Profits Tax on the taxable income as reported in the statutory financial statements adjusted in accordance with relevant Hong Kong tax laws. The applicable tax rate is 16.5% in Hong Kong. Additionally, payments of dividends by the subsidiaries incorporated in Hong Kong to the Company are not subject to any Hong Kong withholding tax.

PRC

On March 16, 2007, the National People’s Congress of PRC enacted the Enterprise Income Tax Law (the “EIT Law”), under which foreign invested enterprises (“FIEs”) and domestic companies would be subject to enterprise income tax (“EIT”) at a uniform rate of 25%.

The EIT Law also provides that an enterprise established under the laws of a foreign country or region but whose “de facto management body” is located in the PRC be treated as a resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes and consequently be subject to the PRC income tax at the rate of 25% for its global income. The implementing rules of the EIT Law merely define the location of the “de facto management body” as “the place where the exercising, in substance, of the overall management and control of the production and business operation, personnel, accounting, properties, etc., of a

non-PRC

company is located.”

The EIT Law also imposes a withholding income tax of 10% on dividends distributed by a FIE to its immediate holding company outside of China, if such immediate holding company is considered as a

non-resident

enterprise without any establishment or place within China or if the received dividends have no connection with the establishment or place of such immediate holding company within China, unless such immediate holding company’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement. The Cayman Islands, where the Company is incorporated, does not have such a tax treaty with China. According to the Arrangement between the Mainland of China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income, which was promulgated in August 2006, dividends paid by a FIE in China to its immediate holding company in Hong Kong will be subject to withholding tax at a rate of no more than 5% if the immediate holding company in Hong Kong owns directly at least 25% of the shares of the FIE and could be recognized as a beneficial owner of the dividend from a PRC tax perspective.

Dayin obtained a software company certificate in 2018. Pursuant to such certificate, Dayin qualifies for a tax holiday during which it is entitled to an exemption from EIT for two years commencing from its first profit-making year of operation and a 50% reduction of EIT for the following three years. Dayin qualifies for a

% EIT reduction in 2019, 2020 and 2021. Zhaoyan obtained its high-tech enterprise certificate in 2021 and is entitled to preferential tax rate of

% for the years of 2021, 2022 and 2023. Beijing Easemob obtained its high tech enterprise certificate in 2019 and is entitled to preferential tax rate of

% for the years of 2021 and 2022.

Deferred income taxes are not provided on undistributed earnings of the Company’s PRC subsidiaries that are intended to be permanently reinvested in China. The Company expects to indefinitely reinvest undistributed earnings generated in the onshore PRC entities.

United States

The Company’s subsidiary in California, United States is subject to U.S. federal corporate tax and California corporate franchise tax on its taxable income as reported in its statutory financial statements adjusted in accordance with relevant U.S. tax laws. The applicable U.S. federal corporate tax rate is 21% and the California corporate franchise tax rate is 8.84% in 2019, 2020 and 2021.

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”). The Tax Act makes broad and complex changes to the U.S. tax code including, but not limited to: (1) reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%; (2) requiring companies to pay a

one-time

transition tax on certain unrepatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries; (3) generally eliminating U.S. federal income taxes on dividends from foreign subsidiaries; (4) requiring a current inclusion in U.S. federal taxable income of certain earnings of controlled foreign corporations; (5) eliminating the corporate alternative minimum tax (“AMT”) and changing how existing AMT credits can be realized; (6) creating the base erosion anti-abuse tax (“BEAT”), a new minimum tax; (7) creating a new limitation on deductible interest expense; and (8) changing rules related to uses and limitations of net operating loss carry-forwards created in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017. See the tax loss carry-forwards disclosure below for the impact of the Tax Act on the Group. In addition, the California corporate franchise tax remained the same after the enactment of the Tax Act.

United Kingdom

The Company’s subsidiary in the United Kingdom is subject to the UK corporate income tax

rate of 17%.

Singapore

The Company’s subsidiary in Singapore is subject to the corporate income tax rate of 17%.

As the Group incurred income tax expense mainly from PRC tax jurisdictions, the following information is based mainly on PRC income taxes.

Pre-tax

Income (Loss)

The following table presents the composition of

pre-tax

income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2020			2021

	(US$ thousand)
Pre-tax income (loss) from PRC entities	$	6,790		$	8,036		$	(62,008	)
Pre-tax loss from non-PRC entities		(12,166	)		(10,588	)		(9,836	)

Total pre-tax loss	$	(5,376	)	$	(2,552	)	$	(71,844	)

Reconciliation of the differences between Statutory Tax Rate and the Effective Tax Rate

(“EIT” rate)

The following table sets forth a reconciliation between the statutory PRC EIT rate of 25% and the effective tax rate:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2020			2021
Statutory income tax rate		25.00	%		25.00	%		25.00	%
Permanent differences (1)		9.07	%		124.93	%		1.09	%
Tax rate difference from statutory rate in other jurisdictions (2)		12.70	%		30.23	%		0.82	%
Change in valuation allowance (3)		(64.00	)%		(191.36	)%		(21.89	)%
Effect of tax holiday (4)		2.34	%		(10.78	)%		(6.00	)%
Others		(0.01	)%		(0.03	)%		(0.19	)%
Effective tax rate		(14.90	)%		(22.01	)%		(1.17	)%

(1)	The permanent differences are primarily related to additional tax deductions for qualified research and development expenses and interest income generated from Agora IO Hongkong Limited, offset by non-deductible share-based compensation expenses.

(2)	The tax rate difference is attributed to varying rates in other jurisdictions where the Group is established or operates, such as the Cayman Islands , the United States or S i ngap ore.

(3)	The change in valuation allowance is primarily attributed to fully provisioning for net operating loss carry-forwards of the Group.

(4)

Dayin obtained its software enterprise certificate in 2018 and is entitled to a tax exemption from EIT for the year of 2018 and a 50% EIT rate reduction for the year of 2019, 2020 and 2021. Zhaoyan obtained its high-tech enterprise certificate in 2021 and is entitled to preferential tax rate of

% for the years of 2021, 2022 and 2023. Beijing Easemob acquired in 2021 is entitled to preferential tax rate of

% for the year of 202

For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, substantially all the amounts of current and deferred income tax expense are attributable to the PRC entities.


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2020		2021

	(US $ thousand)
Current income tax expense	$	1,137		$	184	$	601
Deferred income tax expense (tax benefit)		(336	)		378		239

Income tax expense	$	801		$	562	$	840

The aggregate amount and per share effect of reduction of EIT for Zhaoyan, Dayin and Easemob’s PRC entity as a result of tax holidays are as follows:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2020			2021

	(US$ thousand)
The aggregate amount of effect	$	126	$	(275	)	$	(4,310	)

The tax holiday effect disclosed above did not have a material impact to the Company’s net loss per share for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021.

Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

The principal components of the deferred tax assets were as follows:


	As of December 31,
	2020			2021 (1)

	(US$ thousand)


Deferred tax assets:
Tax loss carry-forwards	$	12,286		$	26,264
Allowance for doubtful accounts and current expected credit losses (1)		457			1,173
Payroll liabilities		298			670
Other deductible temporary difference		158			306

Deferred tax assets		13,199			28,413
Less valuation allowance		(12,688	)		(28,413	)
Deferred tax assets, net	$	511		$	—

Deferred tax liabilities:
Recognition of intangible assets arising from business combination		(52	)		(988	)

Deferred tax liabilities, net	$	(52	)	$	(988	)

(1)	The allowance for current expected credit losses reflects the Company’s estimated probable incurred losses upon adoption of ASC 326. See Note 2(j) for the Company’s CECL policy.

As of December 31 2020 and 2021, the Group had tax loss carryforwards of approximately

US$45.5 million and

US$116.2 million,

which can be carried forward to offset taxable income. As of December 31, 2020 and 2021, Agora Lab, Inc., a California corporation, had U.S. federal tax loss carry-forwards of approximately US$35.5 million

and

US$37.9

million, respectively, and had U.S. state tax loss carry-forwards of approximately

US$35.4 mil

ion and 37.8 million, respectively. Under the U.S. tax law, federal tax loss carry-forwards arising in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017 can be carried forward indefinitely but the maximum deduction for any such loss carried forward to tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2021 is reduced to 80% of Agora Lab, Inc.’s taxable income, while loss carry-forwards arising in 2017 or prior years can be carried back two tax years and carried forward up to 20 years (and are not subject to the 80% limitation). California state tax loss carry-forwards may be carried forward for up to 20 years and are subject to limitation on use through the end of 2022 (during which the period of carryforward may be extended). Agora Lab, Inc.’s federal tax loss carry-forwards arisen in 2017 or prior will begin to expire in varying amounts between 2035 and 2038 and the state tax loss carry-forwards will begin to expire in varying amounts between 2035 and 2041.

Movement of Valuation Allowance


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2020			2021

	(US$ thousand)
Balance at beginning of the year	$	(4,286	)	$	(7,727	)	$	(12,688	)
Addition in current year		(3,441	)		(4,961	)		(15,725	)

Balance at the end of the year	$	(7,727	)	$	(12,688	)	$	(28,413	)

- Definition

The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 21
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32857-109319

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.C)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122134291&loc=d3e330215-122817

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 17
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32809-109319

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I.5.Q1)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122134291&loc=d3e330036-122817

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 14
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32705-109319

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 270
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6424409&loc=d3e44925-109338

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144680

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 30
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6424122&loc=d3e41874-109331

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2))
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120395691&loc=d3e23780-122690

+ Details

Restricted Net Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Receivables [Abstract]

Restricted Net Assets

22.	Restricted Net Assets

Relevant PRC laws and regulations permit payments of dividends by the Group’s subsidiaries and the VIEs incorporated in the PRC only out of their retained earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, the Group’s subsidiaries and the VIEs in the PRC are required to annually appropriate 10% of their net

after-tax

income to the statutory general reserve fund prior to payment of any dividends, unless such reserve funds have reached 50% of their respective registered capital. As a result of these and other restrictions under PRC laws and regulations, the Group’s subsidiaries and the VIE subsidiaries incorporated in the PRC are restricted in their ability to transfer a portion of their net assets to the Company either in the form of dividends, loans or advances.

There are no significant differences between U.S. GAAP and PRC accounting standards in connection with the reported net assets of the legally owned subsidiaries in the PRC and the VIEs. Even though the Company currently does not require any such dividends, loans or advances from the PRC entities for working capital and other funding purposes, the Company may in the future require additional cash resources from them due to changes in business conditions, to fund future acquisitions and development, or merely to declare and pay dividends or distributions to our shareholders. Except for the above, there is no other restriction on use of proceeds generated by the Group’s subsidiaries and the VIEs to satisfy any obligations of the Company.

As of December 31, 2021, the total restricted net assets of the Company’s subsidiaries and the VIEs incorporated in the PRC and subjected to restriction amounted to approximately US$23.3 million respectively.

Rules

12-04(a)

and

4-08(e)(3)

of Regulation

S-X

require condensed financial information as to the financial position, cash flows and results of operations of a parent company as of and for the same periods for which the audited consolidated financial statements have been presented when the restricted net assets of the consolidated and unconsolidated subsidiaries together exceed 25% of consolidated net assets as of the end of the most recently completed fiscal year. The Company performed a test on the restricted net assets of consolidated subsidiaries in accordance

S-X

Rule4-08

(e)(3) and concluded that it was not applicable for the Company to disclose the financial statements for the parent company since the 25% threshold was not met for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Accounts payable	$ 5,309	$ 7,721
Long term payable	9,068	1,339
Taxes payable	$ 2,435	$ 2,171
Common stock shares issued	449,635,423	415,014,994
Common stock shares outstanding	449,635,423	415,014,994
Taxes payable	$ 1	$ 626
Current operating lease liabilities	3,957	0
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	53,034	23,926
Long-term operating lease liabilities	3,452	0
Deferred tax liabilities	$ 988	$ 52
Common Class A
Common stock par or stated value per share	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock shares authorized	800,000,000	820,000,000
Common stock shares issued	373,455,485	338,835,056
Common stock shares outstanding	373,455,485	338,835,056
Common Class B
Common stock par or stated value per share	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock shares authorized	76,179,938	76,179,938
Common stock shares issued	76,179,938	76,179,938
Common stock shares outstanding	76,179,938	76,179,938
VIE
Accounts payable	$ 3,751	$ 5,337
Long term payable	1,491	1,113
Taxes payable	241	254
Current operating lease liabilities	459	0
Long-term operating lease liabilities	305	0
Deferred tax liabilities	43	0
VIE \| Nonrecourse [Member]
Accounts payable		5,337	$ 3,751
Long term payable	0		228
Taxes payable			241
Advances from customers		1,113	1,491
Taxes payable		254
Current operating lease liabilities		0	459
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		$ 5,035	15,721
Long-term operating lease liabilities	0		305
Deferred tax liabilities	$ 0		$ 43

Organization and Nature of Operations - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions			9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Feb. 28, 2021	Nov. 27, 2020	Sep. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2019
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Service agreement, contractual term, minimum				10 years
Notice to terminate contractual agreement, period required				30 days
Shareholder voting rights agreement, term, minimum				10 years
Notice to terminate shareholder voting rights agreement, period requirement				30 days
Exclusive option agreement, term, minimum				10 years
Notice to terminate exclusive option agreement, period requirement				30 days
Agreement Term				10 years
Notice Period By wholly foreign owned enterprise to extend Aagreement term				30 days
Exclusive Technology Consulting and Services Agreement [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Service fees charged by wholly foreign owned enterprise to variable interest entities			$ 53.8	$ 12.7	$ 32.9
Netless [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Business acquisition percentage of voting interests acquired		100.00%
Business combination, consideration transferred		$ 4.0
Easemob [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Business acquisition percentage of voting interests acquired	100.00%
Payments to acquire businesses gross	$ 53.4
Agora IO Hongkong Limited
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Percentage of shares contributed				100.00%
Percent ownership of subsidiary				100.00%

Related Party Transactions (Details) - USD ($)

3 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Nov. 27, 2020

Dec. 31, 2021

Dec. 31, 2020

Dec. 31, 2019

Sep. 30, 2021

Related party transaction

$ 216

$ 202

$ 168

Operating lease right of use asset

$ 7,436,000

7,436,000

Operating lease liabilities

7,409,000

6,776,000

^[1]

Netless

Business combination, consideration transferred

$ 4,000,000

Affiliated Entity

Business combination, consideration transferred

1,300,000

Payments to acquire businesses

$ 1,200,000

Acquisition consideration, shares issued (in shares)

14,935

Operating lease right of use asset

$ 400,000

400,000

Operating lease liabilities

$ 400,000

400,000

Affiliated Entity | Netless

Related party transaction

$ 0

$ 1,300

$ 0

Business combination, equity interest in acquiree, percentage

10.00%

[1]	Amounts are based on ASC 840, Leases that were superseded upon the Company’s adoption of ASC 842, Leases on January 1, 2021.

Taxes Payable (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Individual income tax withholding	$ 2,118	$ 330
VAT payable	299	1,182
Corporate income taxes payable	1	626
Other taxes payable	17	33
Taxes payable	$ 2,435	$ 2,171

Leases - Schedule of Lease, Cost (Details)	Dec. 31, 2021
Lease, Cost [Abstract]
Weighted-average remaining lease term	2 years
Weighted-average discount rate	5.10%

Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share - Antidilutive Securities (Details) - shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Preferred shares - weighted average
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares)	0	86,731,855	167,855,481
Share options - weighted average
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares)	39,790,418	39,846,432	26,923,735
Restricted share - weighted average
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares)	204,129	479,275	5,154,272
Restricted share units - weighted average
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares)	471,680	32,870	0
VPP shares – weighted average
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares)	72,257	39,311	0

Principal Accounting Policies - Schedule Of Fair Value, Assets Measured On Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation (Detail) - Available for sale debt securities [Member] $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Fair value of Level 3 investments as at December 31, 2019 and 2020	$ 0
New addition	5,000
Interest income and change in fair value of the investments	196
Fair value of Level 3 investments as at December 31, 2021	$ 5,196

Business acquisition - Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed (Details) - USD ($) shares in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Feb. 28, 2021
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed
Goodwill	$ 56,142,000	$ 3,089,000
Amortization of intangible assets	1,933,000	0	$ 0
Network Bridges Inc.
Business Combination, Consideration Transferred [Abstract]
Cash(1)	53,350,000	3,150,000
Number of ordinary shares issued		$ 850,000
Number of ordinary shares issued (in shares)		85
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed
Cash and cash-equivalents	1,331,000	$ 556,000
Accounts receivable	451,000	203,000
Prepayments and other current assets	704,000	24,000
Contract asset	705,000
Fixed assets	2,000	15,000
Intangible assets, net	8,155,000	213,000
Operating lease right-of-use assets	413,000
Other non-current assets	26,000
Accounts payable	(134,000)
Advances from customers	(6,710,000)
Salary and welfare payable	(2,863,000)	(31,000)
Taxes payable and other accrued liabilities	(200,000)	(16,000)
Operating lease liabilities	(363,000)
Deferred tax liabilities(2)	(1,219,000)	(53,200)
Total identifiable net assets acquired	298,000	911,000
Goodwill	53,052,000	3,089,000
Total purchase consideration	53,350,000	$ 4,000,000
Deferred tax liability, period of recognition		5 years
Network Bridges Inc. \| Developed Technology
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed
Intangible assets, net		$ 200,000
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life		5 years
Network Bridges Inc. \| Developed Technology \| General and Administrative Expense [Member]
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed
Amortization of intangible assets	42,600	$ 3,500
Acquisition Of Easemob [Member]
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed
Deferred tax liabilities(2)	1,200,000	$ (53,000)
Total purchase consideration				$ 53,400,000
Acquisition Of Easemob [Member] \| Accrued Expenses And Other Liabilities Current [Member]
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed
Business Combination, Contingent Consideration, Liability, Current	4,600,000
Acquisition Of Easemob [Member] \| Developed Technology
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed
Intangible assets, net	$ 4,000,000.0
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life	5 years
Acquisition Of Easemob [Member] \| Developed Technology \| General and Administrative Expense [Member]
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed
Amortization of intangible assets	$ 700,000

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Total revenues	$ 167,982	$ 133,564	$ 64,428
Cost of revenues	(63,975)	(47,199)	(20,417)
Gross profit	104,007	86,365	44,011
Operating expenses:
Research and development expenses	(110,666)	(49,494)	(23,623)
Sales and marketing expenses	(46,276)	(25,724)	(19,408)
General and administrative expenses	(30,326)	(18,010)	(7,177)
Total operating expenses	(187,268)	(93,228)	(50,208)
Other operating income	2,568	1,672	108
(Loss) from operations	(80,693)	(5,191)	(6,089)
Exchange gain (loss)	558	(66)	87
Interest income	8,353	2,704	626
Investment loss (including impairment)	(1,659)	0	0
Other Income	1,597	0	0
Loss before income taxes	(71,844)	(2,553)	(5,376)
Income taxes	(840)	(562)	(801)
Equity in income of affiliates	329	0	0
Net loss	(72,355)	(3,115)	(6,177)
Less: cumulative undeclared dividends on convertible redeemable preferred shares	0	(6,715)	(9,962)
Less: accretion on convertible redeemable preferred shares to redemption value	0	(193,466)	(50,715)
Net loss attributable to Agora, Inc.'s ordinary shareholders	(72,355)	(203,296)	(66,854)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustments	1,307	2,929	(358)
Unrealized gain on debt securities	(99)	0	0
Total comprehensive loss attributable to Agora, Inc.'s ordinary shareholders	$ (71,147)	$ (200,367)	$ (67,212)
Net loss per share attributable to Agora, Inc.'s ordinary shareholders—basic and diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.16)	$ (0.76)	$ (0.58)
Weighted average number of ordinary shares—basic and diluted	440,864,190	268,849,967	115,716,392
Share-based compensation expenses included in:
Share-based compensation	$ 31,481	$ 11,974	$ 4,253
Cost of revenues
Share-based compensation expenses included in:
Share-based compensation	879	357	80
Research and development expenses
Share-based compensation expenses included in:
Share-based compensation	19,737	5,312	1,473
Sales and marketing expenses
Share-based compensation expenses included in:
Share-based compensation	4,843	2,061	1,654
General and administrative expenses
Share-based compensation expenses included in:
Share-based compensation	6,022	4,244	1,046
Real-time engagement service revenues
Total revenues	159,943	131,149	63,925
Other revenues
Total revenues	$ 8,039	$ 2,415	$ 503

Property and Equipment, Net - Schedule of Property and Equipment, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 34,947	$ 24,957
Less: accumulated depreciation	(16,879)	(8,203)
Property and equipment, net	19,194	16,754
Depreciation	8,300	4,500	$ 1,900
Network equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	27,804	19,901
Electronic equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	3,324	2,232
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	2,755	1,950
Furniture, computers and office equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	1,064	874
Capitalized internal-use software development costs
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, net	844	0
Construction in progress
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, net	$ 282	$ 0

Ordinary Shares

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Equity [Abstract]

Ordinary Shares

14.	Ordinary Shares

As of December 31, 2020 and 2021 the Company had in aggregate of 415,014,994 and 449,635,423

rdinary shares issued and outstanding, respectively.

Initial public offering and concurrent private placement

In June 2020, the Company completed its initial public offering (“IPO”) on the Nasdaq Global Select Market of 20,125,000 American Depositary Shares (“ADS”) (including 2,625,000 ADSs sold upon the full exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option) (every four Class A ordinary shares represents one ADS), and completed the concurrent private placement (“CPP”) of 22,000,000 ordinary shares, for a total ordinary shares offering of 102,500,000 shares at a price of US$20.00 per ADS. The net proceeds raised from the IPO amounted to approximately US$483.6 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses.

Upon the completion of the IPO and CPP, all classes of preferred shares of the Company were converted and designated as Class A ordinary shares on a

one-for-one

basis. 76,179,938 ordinary shares were designated as Class B ordinary share on a

one-for-one

basis. The remaining ordinary shares were designated as Class A ordinary shares on a

one-for-one

basis.

In respect of all matters subject to shareholders’ vote, each holder of Class A ordinary share is entitled to one and each holder of Class B ordinary share is entitled to twenty votes.

Private Placement

In February 2021, the Company completed an additional private placement of 20,000,000 Class A ordinary shares. The net proceeds raised from the private placement amounted to approximately US$250.0 million after immaterial offering expenses.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for shareholders' equity comprised of portions attributable to the parent entity and noncontrolling interest, including other comprehensive income. Includes, but is not limited to, balances of common stock, preferred stock, additional paid-in capital, other capital and retained earnings, accumulated balance for each classification of other comprehensive income and amount of comprehensive income.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123467817&loc=SL123496158-112644

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123467817&loc=SL123496158-112644

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 14
-Subparagraph (c)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123467817&loc=SL123496171-112644

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 14
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123467817&loc=SL123496171-112644

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120397183&loc=d3e187085-122770

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 18
-Subparagraph (d)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123467817&loc=SL123496189-112644

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (g)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123467817&loc=SL123496158-112644

Reference 8: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2208762

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 18
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123467817&loc=SL123496189-112644

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (h)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123467817&loc=SL123496158-112644

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 14
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123467817&loc=SL123496171-112644

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 18
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123467817&loc=SL123496189-112644

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 16
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123467817&loc=SL123496180-112644

Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (i)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123467817&loc=SL123496158-112644

Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(e)(1))
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120395691&loc=d3e23780-122690

+ Details

Related Party Transactions (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Schedule of Significant Related Party Transactions

For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, the significant related party transactions and balances were as follows:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2020		2021

	(US$)
Rental fee charged by a related party		168		202		216
Consideration to a related party for Netless acquisition		—		1,300		—

Convertible Redeemable Preferred Shares - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands					12 Months Ended
	Oct. 01, 2018 USD ($) shares	May 18, 2017 USD ($) shares	Dec. 20, 2014 USD ($) shares	Dec. 16, 2013 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) Day	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Feb. 12, 2020 shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Minimum days prior to redemption date required for redemption requests					60 days
Additional amount that would accrue on the issue price, percent					15.00%
Temporary equity, amount of preferred dividends in arrears					$ 0	$ 0	$ 31,200
Accretion of preferred shares					$ 193,500	193,465	50,716
Series A Preferred Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Temporary equity, stock issued during period, shares, new issues \| shares		2,777,778		57,200,000
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock				$ 5,720,000
Stock repurchased and retired during period (in shares) \| shares		1,573,040
Stock repurchased and retired during period , value		$ 1,599,487
Temporary equity, stock repurchased during period (in shares) \| shares		2,777,778
Payments for repurchase of redeemable convertible preferred stock		$ 278
Temporary equity, dividend rate, percentage					8.00%
Temporary equity, liquidation preference, percent					150.00%
Series B Preferred Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Temporary equity, stock issued during period, shares, new issues \| shares			50,783,698
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock			$ 20,250,000
Temporary equity, number of votes per share \| Day					2
Temporary equity, dividend rate, percentage					8.00%
Temporary equity, liquidation preference, percent					150.00%
Temporary equity, redemption price per share, percentage					150.00%
Temporary equity, redemption price per share upon material breach, percentage					160.00%
Series B+ Preferred Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Temporary equity, stock issued during period, shares, new issues \| shares		26,651,410
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock		$ 31,881,749
Temporary equity, number of votes per share \| Day					3
Temporary equity, dividend rate, percentage					8.00%
Temporary equity, liquidation preference, percent					150.00%
Temporary equity, redemption price per share, percentage					150.00%
Temporary equity, redemption price per share upon material breach, percentage					160.00%
Series C Preferred Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Temporary equity, stock issued during period, shares, new issues \| shares	34,793,413
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock	$ 66,666,667
Temporary equity, dividend rate, percentage					8.00%
Temporary equity, liquidation preference, percent					150.00%
Temporary equity, redemption price per share, percentage					150.00%
Temporary equity, redemption price per share upon material breach, percentage					160.00%
Series C+ Preferred Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Temporary equity, stock issued during period, shares, new issues \| shares								15,062,510
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock					$ 0	$ 50,000,002	$ 0
Temporary equity, dividend rate, percentage					8.00%
Temporary equity, liquidation preference, percent					150.00%
Temporary equity, redemption price per share, percentage					150.00%
Temporary equity, redemption price per share upon material breach, percentage					160.00%

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following:


	As of December 31,
	2020		2021

	(US$ thousand)

Accrued salary and social welfare costs	$	14,008	$	26,994
Liability classified awards for share-based compensation (Note 15)		3,950		5,852
Payable for long-term investments		—		5,490
Payables for acquisition (Note 3)		2,000		4,603
Payables for compensation costs in relation to an acquisition		—		3,500
Payables for def er red financing cost s		—		2,234
Accrued professional service fees		988		992
Accrued staff reimbursements		508		678
Accrued office expense		428		668
Accrued recruitment service fees		299		392
Accrued advertising and marketing fees		567		342
Share option deposit held on behalf of employees		262		134
Accrued rental fees		237		—
Others		679		1,155

	$	23,926	$	53,034

Accounts Receivable, Net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Receivables [Abstract]

Accounts Receivable, Net

4.	Accounts Receivable, Net


	As of December 31,
	2020			2021 (1)

	(US$ thousand)
Accounts receivable	$	29,375		$	38,955
Less: allowance for current e x pected credi t losses		(1,535	)		(6,336	)

Accounts receivable, net	$	27,840		$	32,619

Movement of allowance for credit losses was as follows:


	As of December 31,
	2019			2020			2021 (1)

	(US$ thousand)
At beginning of the period	$	(367	)	$	(1,036	)	$	(1,535	)
Additional provisions		(780	)		(1,365	)		(4,828	)
Write-off		100			921			97
Foreign currency translation impact		11			(55	)		(70	)

At end of the period	$	(1,036	)	$	(1,535	)	$	(6,336	)

(1)	The allowance for current expected credit losses reflects the Company’s estimated probable incurred losses upon adoption of ASC 326. See Note 2(j) for the Company’s CECL policy.

Principal Accounting Policies - Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities (Details) - Fair Value, Recurring - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Short-Term Investments, Financial Products Issued By Banks
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Investments	$ 20,168	$ 24,046
Long Term Investment Debt Security [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Investments	5,196
Level 2 \| Short-Term Investments, Financial Products Issued By Banks
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Investments	20,168	$ 24,046
Level 3 \| Long Term Investment Debt Security [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Investments	$ 5,196

Principal Accounting Policies - Schedule Of Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques (Detail) - Available for sale debt securities [Member]	Dec. 31, 2021 Ratio
Measurement Input, Cost to Sell [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Measurement Input	9.96
Measurement Input, Discount Rate [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Measurement Input	12
Measurement Input Probability of exit events [Member] \| Liquidation Scenario [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Measurement Input	20
Measurement Input Probability of exit events [Member] \| Redemption Scenario [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Measurement Input	40
Measurement Input Probability of exit events [Member] \| IPO scenario [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Measurement Input	40
Measurement Input Lack Of Marketability Discount [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Measurement Input	22

Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share - Earnings Per Share Computation (Parenthetical) (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021 shares
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Basic and Diluted	159,498

Income Taxes - Effect of Tax Holidays (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
The aggregate amount of effect	$ (4,310)	$ (275)	$ (126)

Long-term investments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]

Long-term investments

10.	Long-term investments

The Company did not hold long-term investments as of December 31, 2020. The following table sets forth a breakdown of the long-term investments held by the Company as of December 31, 2021:


	As of December 31, 2021
	(US$ thousand)
Equity investments without readily determinable fair value	$	36,025
Equity method investments		12,704
Debt security		5,196

	$	53,925

Equity investments without readily determinable fair value

As of

December

, 2021, the Company’s equity investments without readily determinable fair value primarily consist of small,

non-controlling

investments in companies for which the Company has equity ownership with preferential rights but cannot exert significant influence. In accordance with ASC 321, the Company elected to use the measurement alternative to measure such investments at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer, if any. For those equity investments having observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or similar investments of the same issuers, the Company would disclose the fair value of the alternative measure method investments. The initial cost value of equity securities without readily determinable fair values was US$

36.5

million as of December 31, 2021. There was no

re-measurement

gain or loss being recognized in connection with equity investments accounted for using the measurement alternative for the year ended December 31, 2021. There was

US$0.6

million impairment on these investments for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Equity method investments

Equity method investments consist of the Group’s investments as a limited partner in certain limited partnership funds to make strategic investments. The Group’s proportionate share of equity investee’s net earnings for the year ended December 31, 2021 was

US$

0.3

million, recorded as equity in income of affiliates

and the Company also recorded $0.5 million in distributions from the funds.

There was no impairment on these investments during the year ended December 31, 2021.

Debt security

The Company invested in convertible bonds issued by a third party in 2021 with the intention to hold the security for more than twelve months, which is accounted for at fair value. Unrealized gains and interest recorded on these convertible bonds in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss was US$0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Long-term investments - Additional Informational (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Long-term investments	$ 53,925,000	$ 0	$ 0
Impairment Losses, Investments	626,000	$ 0	$ 0
Equity investees net loss or income	300
Unrealized gains and interest recorded, convertible bonds	200,000
Equity Securities, FV-NI, Cost	36,500,000
Proceeds from equity method investment distributions	$ 500,000

Commitment and Contingencies - Contractual Purchase Obligations (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
2022	$ 751

Share-based Compensation - Narrative (Details)		1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Share-based Compensation - Narrative (Details)	Dec. 16, 2013 shares	Apr. 30, 2019 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) Vote $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2021 shares	Jan. 31, 2019 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Aug. 08, 2014 shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Options outstanding (in shares) \| shares			32,708,847	39,614,883	38,011,964	32,708,847		33,660,957
Number of employees with options granted that include repurchase obligations \| Vote			3
Payments for repurchases of share options		$ 1,600,000
Aggregate intrinsic value, outstanding			$ 127,168,263	$ 466,460,320	$ 51,303,638		$ 51,300,000	$ 19,994,575
Fair value of options vested in period			12,000,000.0	4,900,000	2,300,000
Share-based compensation			$ 31,481,000	$ 11,974,000	$ 4,253,000
Number of awards to be released not subject to performance metrics, as a percent				70.00%
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price \| $ / shares			$ 0.14	$ 0.17	$ 0.12			$ 0.11
Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period (in years)			2 years
Awards to be released as a percent of target, percent			0.00%	0.00%
Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period (in years)			10 years
Awards to be released as a percent of target, percent			60.00%	30.00%
Founder-Controlled Entities
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Restricted shares granted (in shares) \| shares	5,000,000
Equity Option
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized share based compensation expense, share options, period for recognition (in years)			2 years 4 months 24 days	1 year 6 months
Equity award – share options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation, expiration period			10 years
Share-based payment arrangement, additional expense			$ 800,000
Share-based compensation			16,700,000	$ 7,200,000	$ 3,100,000
Share-based payment arrangement, nonvested award, option, cost not yet recognized, amount			$ 71,400,000	$ 31,000,000.0
Restricted Shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period (in years)			4 years	3 years
Share-based payment arrangement, additional expense			$ 100,000
Share-based compensation			$ 2,700,000	$ 300,000	300,000
Unrecognized share based compensation expense, share options, period for recognition (in years)			1 year 6 months	2 years
Number of awards to be released not subject to performance metrics, as a percent			40.00%
Unrecognized share based compensation expenses related to restricted shares			$ 2,200,000	$ 4,900,000
Restricted Shares \| VoiceCrew Holdings Limited
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Restricted shares granted (in shares) \| shares	30,800,000
Restricted Shares \| Sounds of Nature Limited
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Restricted shares granted (in shares) \| shares	77,000,000
Restricted Shares \| Management
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period (in years)			4 years
Restricted shares granted (in shares) \| shares	15,000,000
Number of shares granted with repurchase obligations (in shares) \| shares								500,000
Shares repurchased during period (in shares) \| shares		100,000
Stock repurchases, consideration		$ 100,000
Shares granted with repurchase obligations waived (in shares) \| shares		400,000
Restricted Shares \| Management \| VoiceCrew Holdings Limited
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Restricted shares granted (in shares) \| shares	15,000,000
Restricted Shares \| Vest upon the first anniversary of stated commencement date \| Management
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting rights, percentage	25.00%		25.00%
Restricted shares granted (in shares) \| shares	10,000,000
Restricted Shares \| Vest upon the first anniversary of stated commencement date \| Founder-Controlled Entities
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting rights, percentage	25.00%
Restricted Shares \| Vest after the first anniversary of stated commencement date \| Management
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation, expiration period			36 months
Award vesting period (in years)	36 months
Restricted Shares \| Vest after the first anniversary of stated commencement date \| Founder-Controlled Entities
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period (in years)	36 months
Restricted Shares Subject To Performance Metrics
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of awards subject to performance metrics, percent			60.00%	30.00%
Restricted Shares Subject To Performance Metrics \| Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period (in years)			1 year	1 year
Restricted Shares Subject To Performance Metrics \| Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period (in years)			5 years	3 years
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation			$ 5,588,000	$ 136,000	0
Unrecognized share based compensation expense, share options, period for recognition (in years)			4 years 4 months 24 days	1 year 9 months 18 days
Restricted shares granted (in shares) \| shares			4,106,498	263,621
Unrecognized share based compensation expenses related to restricted shares			$ 25,800,000	$ 2,600,000
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) \| Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period (in years)			2 years
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) \| Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period (in years)			6 years
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) \| Management
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation			$ 700,000	900,000	$ 800,000
2014 Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common shares reserved for future issuance (in shares) \| shares									20,000,000
Share-based compensation arrangement, shares authorized (in shares) \| shares					34,613,165
2018 Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common shares reserved for future issuance (in shares) \| shares							25,740,835
2018 Plan \| Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation				100,000
VPP shares – weighted average
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation			$ 5,800,000	$ 3,500,000
VPP shares – weighted average \| Equity award – share options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price \| $ / shares			$ 0
Share based payment arrangement, Nonvested award, Cost not yet recognized, Amount			$ 0

Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Composition of Pre-Tax Income (Loss)

The following table presents the composition of

pre-tax

income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2020			2021

	(US$ thousand)
Pre-tax income (loss) from PRC entities	$	6,790		$	8,036		$	(62,008	)
Pre-tax loss from non-PRC entities		(12,166	)		(10,588	)		(9,836	)

Total pre-tax loss	$	(5,376	)	$	(2,552	)	$	(71,844	)

Schedule of Reconciliation of Effective Tax Rate

Reconciliation of the differences between Statutory Tax Rate and the Effective Tax Rate

(“EIT” rate)

The following table sets forth a reconciliation between the statutory PRC EIT rate of 25% and the effective tax rate:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2020			2021
Statutory income tax rate		25.00	%		25.00	%		25.00	%
Permanent differences (1)		9.07	%		124.93	%		1.09	%
Tax rate difference from statutory rate in other jurisdictions (2)		12.70	%		30.23	%		0.82	%
Change in valuation allowance (3)		(64.00	)%		(191.36	)%		(21.89	)%
Effect of tax holiday (4)		2.34	%		(10.78	)%		(6.00	)%
Others		(0.01	)%		(0.03	)%		(0.19	)%
Effective tax rate		(14.90	)%		(22.01	)%		(1.17	)%

(1)	The permanent differences are primarily related to additional tax deductions for qualified research and development expenses and interest income generated from Agora IO Hongkong Limited, offset by non-deductible share-based compensation expenses.

(2)	The tax rate difference is attributed to varying rates in other jurisdictions where the Group is established or operates, such as the Cayman Islands , the United States or S i ngap ore.

(3)	The change in valuation allowance is primarily attributed to fully provisioning for net operating loss carry-forwards of the Group.

(4)

% for the years of 2021, 2022 and 2023. Beijing Easemob acquired in 2021 is entitled to preferential tax rate of

% for the year of 202

Schedule of Current and Deferred Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, substantially all the amounts of current and deferred income tax expense are attributable to the PRC entities.


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2020		2021

	(US $ thousand)
Current income tax expense	$	1,137		$	184	$	601
Deferred income tax expense (tax benefit)		(336	)		378		239

Income tax expense	$	801		$	562	$	840

Schedule of Impact of Tax Holidays

The aggregate amount and per share effect of reduction of EIT for Zhaoyan, Dayin and Easemob’s PRC entity as a result of tax holidays are as follows:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2020			2021

	(US$ thousand)
The aggregate amount of effect	$	126	$	(275	)	$	(4,310	)

Components of Deferred Tax Assets

The principal components of the deferred tax assets were as follows:


	As of December 31,
	2020			2021 (1)

	(US$ thousand)


Deferred tax assets:
Tax loss carry-forwards	$	12,286		$	26,264
Allowance for doubtful accounts and current expected credit losses (1)		457			1,173
Payroll liabilities		298			670
Other deductible temporary difference		158			306

Deferred tax assets		13,199			28,413
Less valuation allowance		(12,688	)		(28,413	)
Deferred tax assets, net	$	511		$	—

Deferred tax liabilities:
Recognition of intangible assets arising from business combination		(52	)		(988	)

Deferred tax liabilities, net	$	(52	)	$	(988	)

(1)	The allowance for current expected credit losses reflects the Company’s estimated probable incurred losses upon adoption of ASC 326. See Note 2(j) for the Company’s CECL policy.

Schedule of Movement of Valuation Allowance

Movement of Valuation Allowance


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2020			2021

	(US$ thousand)
Balance at beginning of the year	$	(4,286	)	$	(7,727	)	$	(12,688	)
Addition in current year		(3,441	)		(4,961	)		(15,725	)

Balance at the end of the year	$	(7,727	)	$	(12,688	)	$	(28,413	)

Principal Accounting Policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Schedule of Concentration of Risk

The following table summarizes customers with greater than 10% of the accounts receivables:


	December 31, 2020			December 31 2021
Customer A — Social media platform		12	%		*
Customer B — Educational institution application		*			16	%

Schedule Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value

The following table sets forth the Group’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized using the fair value hierarchy:


	As of December 31, 2021
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Balance at Fair value
	(US$ thousand)
Short-term investments — financial products issued by banks		—		20,168		—		20,168
Long-term investment - debt security		—		—		5,196		5,196

As of December 31, 2020

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Balance
at Fair
value

(US$ thousand)

Short-term investments — financial products issued by banks

—

24,046

—

24,046

Schedule of Useful lives of Property and Equipment

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following:


	As of December 31,
	2020			2021

	(US$ thousand)
Cost:
Network equipment	$	19,901		$	27,804
Electronic equipment		2,232			3,324
Leasehold improvements		1,950			2,755
Furniture, computers and office equipment		874			1,064

Total cost		24,957			34,947
Less: accumulated depreciation		(8,203	)		(16,879	)
Capitalized internal-use software development costs		—			844
Construction in progress		—			282

Property and equipment, ne t	$	16,754		$	19,194

Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table presents the Group’s revenues disaggregated by primary geographical markets:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2020		2021

	(US$ thousand)
Primary geographical markets based on customers’ location
PRC	$	50,584	$	107,092	$	117,944
United States		5,296		10,019		17,281
Others		8,548		16,453		32,757

Total revenues	$	64,428	$	133,564	$	167,982

Available for sale debt securities [Member]

Schedule Of Fair Value, Assets Measured On Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation

The following table provides information about the reconciliation of the Level 3 fair value measurement of available-for-sale debt securities for the periods indicated:


	US$ thousand
Fair value of Level 3 investments as at December 31, 2019 and 2020		—
New addition		5,000
Interest income and change in fair value of the investments		196

Fair value of Level 3 investments as at December 31, 2021		5,196

Schedule Of Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques

The significant unobservable inputs adopted in the valuation as of December 31, 2021 are as follows:


Selected P/S ratio		9.96x
Discount rate		12%
Probability of exit events		Liquidation scenario: 20% Redemption scenario: 40% IPO scenario: 40%
Lack of marketability discount		22%

Property and equipment of estimated useful lives [Member]

Schedule of Useful lives of Property and Equipment

The estimated useful lives of property and equipment are as follows:


		Estimated Useful Lives
Electronic equipment		3 years
Furniture, computers and office equipment		3 years
Network equipment		3 years
Leasehold improvements		Shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life
Capitalized software		3-5 years

Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share

18.	Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share

Basic and diluted net loss per share have been calculated in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings Per Share. Basic net loss per share is computed using the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed using the weighted average number of ordinary shares and dilutive potential ordinary shares outstanding during the period. The computation of earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021 is as follows:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2020			2021

	(US$ thousand)
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(6,177	)	$	(3,115	)	$	(72,355	)
Cumulative undeclared dividends on convertible redeemable preferred shares		(9,962	)		(6,715	)		—
Accretion on convertible redeemable preferred shares to redemption value (Note 1 3 )		(50,715	)		(193,466	)		—

Net loss attributable to Agora, Inc.’s ordinary shareholders - basic and diluted		(66,854	)		(203,296	)		(72,355	)

Denominator:
Denominator for basic and diluted loss per share weighted-average ordinary shares outstanding		115,716,392			268,849,967			440,864,190

Basic and diluted loss per share	$	(0.58	)	$	(0.76	)	$	(0.16	)

(1)


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2020		2021
Preferred shares - weighted average		167,855,481		86,731,855		—
Share options - weighted average		26,923,735		39,846,432		39,790,418
Restricted share - weighted average		5,154,272		479,275		204,129
Restricted share units - weighted average		—		32,870		471,680
VPP shares – weighted average		—		39,311		72,257

Share-based Compensation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of Compensation Expense

Compensation expenses recognized for share-based awards of the Company were as follows:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2020		2021

	(US$ thousand)

Cost of revenues	$	80	$	357	$	879
Research and development expenses		1,473		5,312		19,737
Sales and marketing expenses		1,654		2,061		4,843
General and administrative expenses		1,046		4,244		6,022

	$	4,253	$	11,974	$	31,481

Compensation expenses recognized for different awards were summarized as below:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2020		2021

	(US$ thousand)

Equity award – share options (1) ( 4)	$	2,179	$	7,192	$	16,672
Equity award – restricted shares (2)(3)		981		1,193		3,385
Equity award – restricted share units		—		136		5,588
Liability award – share options		960		—		—
Liability award – restricted shares		133		—		—
Liability award – Venture Partners Plan		—		3,453		5,836

	$	4,253	$	11,974	$	31,481

(1)	Including share options granted to employees as part of post-combination compensation of nil, nil and US$5.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively.

(2)	Including restricted shares granted by the Founder for equity classified award of US$0.8 million, US$0.9 million and US$0.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively.

(3)	Including restricted shares granted to employees as part of post-combination compensation of nil, US$0.3 million and US$2.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively.

(4)	Including an incremental $0.7 million of share-based compensation associated with the modification of the awards of an employee during 2021, where a portion of the employee’s options vesting was accelerated.

Schedule of Share Options Activity

The following table summarizes activities of the Company’s share options for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021:

Equity Classified Share Options


	Number of Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life		Aggregate Intrinsic Value		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
				(US$)		In Years		(US$)		(US$)
Outstanding at January 1, 2019		33,660,957			0.11		7.91		19,994,575		0.23

Granted		5,087,648			0.24						0.86
Forfeited		(787,425	)		0.13
Reclassified from liability award		50,784			0.10

Outstanding at December 31, 2019		38,011,964			0.12		7.22		51,303,638		0.31

Granted		9,941,500			0.19						3.16
Exercised		(7,632,431	)		0.12				43,000,715
Forfeited		(706,150	)		0.16

Outstanding at December 31, 2020		39,614,883			0.17		8.23		466,460,320		1.08
Granted (1)		8,799,568			0.09						7.07
Exercised		(14,235,844	)		0.12				128,514,032
Forfeited		(1,469,760	)		0.13

Outstanding at December 31, 2021		32,708,847			0.14		7.04		127,168,263		2.78
Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2021		17,948,942			0.13		5.21		69,501,801		0.71

Exercisable at December 31, 2021		17,948,942			0.13		5.21		69,501,801		0.71

(1)

During 2021, the Company granted shares to employees that joined the Company following the acquisition of Easemob (Note 3). Share agreements were signed with the employees contingent on their continuing employment with the Group as well as their ability to meet certain established performance targets. Of the share options granted to the employees, 40% of the options will vest over a period of four years of continuous service starting from the stated vesting commencement date. 60% of the options are also subject to performance metrics based on an initial target, and performance is measured over predefined performance periods which ranges from one to five years; depending on the probability of achieving the performance targets, the number of shares options that vests could range from 0 to 60% of the target amount.

Liability Classified Share Options


	Number of Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life		Aggregate Intrinsic Value		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
				(US$)		In Years		(US$)		(US$)
Outstanding at January 1, 2019		1,150,784			0.10		5.97	$	689,258		0.07
Granted		—			—
Repurchased		(1,100,000	)		0.10		5.67		818,845		0.07
Forfeited		—			—
Reclassified to equity classified award		(50,784	)		0.10		6.81		37,804		0.10

Outstanding at December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021		—			—

Schedule of Share Options, Fair Value Assumptions

The fair value of options granted under the Company’s Plans for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021 used the binomial option pricing model, with the assumptions (or ranges thereof) in the following table:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2020			2021
Exercise price		US$0.10 - US$0.50			US$0.10 - US$1.74			US$0.10
Fair value of the ordinary shares on the date of option grant		US$0.3493 - US$1.4751			US$0.8415 - US$8.9816			US$6.4850 - US$11.5675
Risk-free interest rate (1)		2.54% - 2.83	%		0.28% - 1.46	%		1.28% - 1.91%
Expected term (in years)		10			10			10
Expected dividend yield (2)		0	%		0	%		0%
Expected volatility (3)		49.18% - 50.01	%		42.39% - 59.65	%		54.16% - 56.70%
Expected forfeiture rate (post-vesting)		3	%		3	%		3 %

(1)	The risk-free interest rate of periods within the contractual life of the share option is based on the market yield of the U.S. treasury bonds with a maturity life equal to the expected life to expiration.

(2)	The Company has no history or expectation of paying dividends on its ordinary shares.

(3)	Expected volatility is estimated based on the average of historical volatilities of the comparable companies in the same industry as at the valuation dates.

Schedule of Restricted Share Activity

Equity Classified Restricted Shares


	Numbers of Shares			Weighted-average Grant Date Fair Value
				(US$)
Outstanding at January 1, 2019		9,450,348			0.02
Granted		—			—
Reclassified from liability classified restricted shares		26,042			0.02
Vested		(6,670,834	)		0.02

Outstanding at December 31, 2019		2,805,556			0.02

Granted (1)		512,782			10.16
Vested		(2,805,556	)		0.02

Outstanding at December 31, 2020		512,782			10.16

Granted		—			—
Vested		—			—

Outstanding at December 31, 2021		512,782			10.16

(1)

During 2020, the Company granted shares to employees that joined the Company following the business combination (Note 3) as well as a related party who was a previous shareholder in Netless (Note 2

). Share agreements were signed with the employees contingent on their continuing employment with the Group as well as their ability to meet certain established performance targets. Of the restricted shares to the management employees, 70% of the awards will be released over a period of three years of continuous service, in equal installments starting from the stated vesting commencement date. The remaining 30% portion of the restricted shares are also subject to performance metrics based on an initial target number, and performance is measured over predefined performance periods which is one to three years; depending on the probability of achieving the performance targets, the number of restricted shares could range from 0 to 30% of the target amount.

Noted that the aforementioned award vesting terms were modified during 2021 to align the release of the shares with the annual company-wide performance review; the modification did not have a material impact to the related share-based compensation expenses.

Liability Classified Restricted Shares


	Numbers of Shares			Weighted-average Grant Date Fair Value
				(US$)
Outstanding at January 1, 2019		88,542			0.02
Granted		—			—
Vested		(62,500	)		0.02
Reclassified to equity classified restricted shares		(26,042	)		0.02

Outstanding at December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021		—

A restricted share unit (“RSU”) generally vest over a period of two to six years of continuous service. The following table summarizes the RSU activities:


	Numbers of Shares			Weighted-average Grant Date Fair Value
				(US$)
Outstanding at January 1, 2019 and 2020		—		$	—
Granted		263,621			10.30
Vested		—			—
Outstanding at December 31, 2020		263,621			10.30

Granted		4,106,498			7.10
Vested		(384,585	)		8.84
Forfeited		(33,004	)		10.09

Outstanding at December 31, 2021		3,952,530			7.12

Commitment and Contingencies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Unrecorded Unconditional Purchase Obligations Disclosure

As of December 31, 2021, contractual purchase obligations with respect to these servers consist of the following:


	Contractual Purchase Obligations
	(US$ thousand)
2022	$	751

Organization and Nature of Operations - Financial Information of VIEs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 285,668	$ 111,218
Short-term investments	469,636	524,220
Accounts receivable, net	32,619	27,840
Prepayments and other current assets	8,801	7,459
Total current assets	797,686	670,737
Non-current assets:
Property and equipment, net	19,194	16,754
Deferred tax assets	0	511
Long-term investments	53,925	0	$ 0
Operating lease right-of-use assets	7,436	0
Intangible assets	6,697	209
Other non-current assets	3,919	1,604
Total non-current assets	147,313	22,167
Total assets	944,999	692,904
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	5,309	7,721
Amounts due to a related party (Note 21)	0	1,150
Advances from customers	9,068	1,339
Taxes payable	2,435	2,171
Current operating lease liabilities	3,957	0
Total current liabilities	73,803	36,307
Non-current liabilities:
Long term payable	495	82
Long-term operating lease liabilities	3,452	0
Deferred tax liabilities	988	52
Total non-current liabilities	4,935	134
Total liabilities	78,738	36,441
Income Statement [Abstract]
Total revenues	167,982	133,564	64,428
Net income (loss)	(72,355)	(3,115)	(6,177)
Statement of Cash Flows [Abstract]
Net cash and cash equivalents generated from operating activities	(20,000)	6,564	706
Net cash and cash equivalents used in investing activities	(57,690)	(535,052)	(3,352)
VIE
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	2,786	2,362
Short-term investments	7,547	12,414
Accounts receivable, net	24,625	23,558
Amounts due from related parties	10,109	2,090
Prepayments and other current assets	1,259	2,704
Total current assets	46,326	43,128
Non-current assets:
Property and equipment, net	7,639	8,951
Deferred tax assets	0	511
Long-term investments	16,919	0
Operating lease right-of-use assets	766	0
Intangible assets	231	0
Other non-current assets	312	205
Total non-current assets	25,867	9,667
Total assets	72,193	52,795
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	3,751	5,337
Amounts due to a related party (Note 21)	44,394	34,198
Advances from customers	1,491	1,113
Taxes payable	241	254
Current operating lease liabilities	459	0
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	15,721	5,035
Total current liabilities	66,057	45,937
Non-current liabilities:
Long term payable	228	0
Long-term operating lease liabilities	305	0
Deferred tax liabilities	43	0
Total non-current liabilities	576	0
Total liabilities	66,633	45,937
Income Statement [Abstract]
Total revenues	114,617	115,831	57,445
Net income (loss)	(5,660)	1,247	225
Statement of Cash Flows [Abstract]
Net cash and cash equivalents generated from operating activities	15,740	3,918	9,390
Net cash and cash equivalents used in investing activities	$ (15,316)	$ (18,865)	$ (998)

Principal Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

(a)

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).

The Corporate Reorganization was a recapitalization with no substantial changes in the shareholding of the Company. Accordingly, the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared as if the current corporate structure had been in existence throughout the periods.

Principal accounting policies followed by the Company in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements are summarized below.

Basis of Consolidation

(b)

Basis of Consolidation

The Group’s consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries and the VIEs for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All transactions and balances among the Company, its subsidiaries, and the VIEs have been eliminated upon consolidation.

A subsidiary is an entity in which the Company, directly or indirectly: (1) controls more than one half of the voting power; (2) has the power to appoint or remove the majority of the members of the board of directors; (3) casts a majority of votes at the meeting of the board of directors; or (4) governs the financial and operating policies of the investee under a statute or agreement among the shareholders or equity holders.

The Company applies the guidance codified in Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 810, Consolidations, which contains guidance of accounting for VIEs. The guidance requires certain variable interest entities to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the entity in which it has a controlling financial interest. A consolidated VIE is an entity in which the Company, or its subsidiary, through contractual arrangements, bears the risks of, and enjoys the rewards normally associated with, ownership of the entity, and therefore the Company or its subsidiary is the primary beneficiary of the entity.

Use of Estimates

(c)

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets, long-lived assets and liabilities at the balance sheet dates, and the reported revenues and expenses during the reporting periods in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The Company believes that the valuation of the Company’s preferred shares, share-based awards, acquired intangible assets and goodwill, long-term investments, and the determination of allowance for current expected credit losses reflect more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of its consolidated financial statements. Estimates are based on historical experiences and on various assumptions that the Company believes are reasonable under current circumstances. However, changes in circumstances, facts and experience may cause the Company to revise its estimates; therefore, actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Functional Currencies and Foreign Currency Translation

(d)

Functional Currencies and Foreign Currency Translation

The Group uses U.S. dollars (“US$”) as its reporting currency. The functional currency of the Company and its subsidiaries incorporated outside of PRC is US$, while the functional currency of the PRC entities in the Group is Renminbi (“RMB”) as determined based on the criteria of ASC 830, Foreign Currency Matters.

Transactions denominated in other than the functional currencies are

re-measured

into the functional currency of the entity at the exchange rates prevailing on the transaction dates. Financial assets and liabilities denominated in other than the functional currency are

re-measured

at the balance sheet date exchange rate. The resulting exchange differences are recorded in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss as foreign exchange related gain or loss.

The financial statements of the Group’s entities using functional currency other than US$ are translated from the functional currency to the reporting currency, US$. Assets and liabilities of the Group’s subsidiaries incorporated in PRC are translated into US$ at balance sheet date exchange rates, while income and expense items are translated at average exchange rates prevailing during the fiscal year, representing the index rates stipulated by the People’s Bank of China. Translation adjustments arising from these are reported as foreign currency translation adjustments and are shown as accumulated other comprehensive loss on the consolidated financial statement.

Concentration of Credit Risk

(e)

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Group to concentration of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and accounts receivable.

The Group deposits its cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments in the various jurisdictions that they operate in. The deposits are with major reputable financial institutions which the Group believes that there is no significant credit risk.

The Group has not experienced any significant recoverability issue with respect to its accounts receivable. The Group assesses the creditworthiness of each customer when providing services and may require the customers to make advance payments or a deposit before the services are rendered. The Group typically offer payment terms of 30 to 60 days to its customers, but can be longer for select qualified customers. The Group also periodically determines an allowance for credit losses based on the accounting policy indicated in Note 2(j) - Accounts Receivable.

The following table summarizes customers with greater than 10% of the accounts receivables:


	December 31, 2020			December 31 2021
Customer A — Social media platform		12	%		*
Customer B — Educational institution application		*			16	%

*	Less than 10%

No individual customer accounted for more than 10% of net revenues for the years ended December 31, 2019

2020 and 2021.

Fair Value Measurements

(f)

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability.

The established fair value hierarchy requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value include:

•

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•

Level 2: Observable, market-based inputs, other than quoted prices, in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•

Level 3: Unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

Accounting guidance also describes three main approaches to measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities: (1) market approach; (2) income approach and (3) cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated from market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present value amount. The measurement is based on the value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts. The cost approach is based on the amount that would currently be required to replace an asset.

The Company’s financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, certain prepayments and other current assets, accounts payable, certain accrued expenses and other current liabilities, whose carrying amounts approximate their fair values due to the short-term maturity of these instruments. The Company measures equity method investments at fair value on a

non-recurring

basis only if an impairment charge were to be recognized. Equity investments accounted for using the measurement alternative are generally not categorized in the fair value hierarchy. However, if equity investments without readily determinable fair values were remeasured during the periods presented, they would be classified within Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy based on the nature of the fair value inputs.

Short-term investments in

financial

products are categorized as Level 2 under the fair value hierarchy and their fair values are based on quoted prices or other observable inputs in active markets.

The fair value of debt securities is measured using Level 3 inputs within the fair value hierarchy. In determining the fair value, the Company utilizes a combination of the income and market approach, which requires management to use unobservable inputs such as the probabilities of various exit scenarios to the investment, the trailing multiple of selected peer companies, the discount for lack of marketability and a

yield-to-maturity

discount rate. These unobservable inputs and resulting fair value estimates may be affected by unexpected changes in future market or economic conditions.

The following table sets forth the Group’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized using the fair value hierarchy:


	As of December 31, 2021
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Balance at Fair value
	(US$ thousand)
Short-term investments — financial products issued by banks		—		20,168		—		20,168
Long-term investment - debt security		—		—		5,196		5,196

As of December 31, 2020

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Balance
at Fair
value

(US$ thousand)

Short-term investments — financial products issued by banks

—

24,046

—

24,046

The following table provides information about the reconciliation of the Level 3 fair value measurement of available-for-sale debt securities for the periods indicated:


	US$ thousand
Fair value of Level 3 investments as at December 31, 2019 and 2020		—
New addition		5,000
Interest income and change in fair value of the investments		196

Fair value of Level 3 investments as at December 31, 2021		5,196

Management determined the fair value of these Level 3 investments based on a market approach using various unobservable inputs such as a price-to-sales (“P/S”) ratio based on said ratio for selected peer companies, a lack of marketability discount rate, a discount rate based on the yield-to-maturity for debt instruments with similar terms and probabilities of various exit scenarios to the investment. The significant unobservable inputs adopted in the valuation as of December 31, 2021 are as follows:


Selected P/S ratio		9.96x
Discount rate		12%
Probability of exit events		Liquidation scenario: 20% Redemption scenario: 40% IPO scenario: 40%
Lack of marketability discount		22%

Cash and Cash Equivalents

(g)

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash in bank and time deposits placed with banks or other financial institutions which have original maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase and are readily convertible to known amounts of cash. As of December 31, 2020 and 2021, the amount of cash equivalents was US$10.0 million and nil

in the consolidated balance sheets, respectively.

Restricted Cash

(h)

Restricted Cash

The Group’s restricted cash mainly represents secured deposits held in designated bank accounts to secure a letter of credit and is included within prepayments and other current assets. See Note 5—Prepayments and Other Current Assets.

Short-term Investment

(i)

Short-term Investments

Short-term investments are comprised of (i) money market funds,

(ii) held-to-maturity

investments such as time deposits, which have a due date that is longer than three months but within one year and is stated at amortized cost; (iii) investments in financial products issued by banks or other financial institutions, which contain a fixed or variable interest rate and with original maturities between three months and one year and; (iv) structured deposits issued by certain banks whose interest is indexed to the fluctuation of gold prices or foreign exchange rates, with original maturities between three months and one year with banks in the PRC. The Company measures the short-term investments in financial products issued by banks at fair value using the quoted subscription or redemption prices published by these banks.

These investments are stated at fair value. Changes in the fair value are reflected in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. There was no other-than-temporary impairment of short-term investments measured at amortized cost for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021.

Accounts Receivable, net

(j)

Accounts Receivable, net

Accounts receivable are stated at the amount management expects to collect from customers based on their outstanding invoices.

Prior to January 1, 2021, the Company monitors the collection of its receivables and records allowance for specifically identified

non-recoverable

amounts. If the economic situation and the financial condition of a customer deteriorate resulting in an impairment of the customer’s ability to make payments, additional allowances might be required. Receivable balances are written off when they are determined to be uncollectible.

Starting from January 1, 2021, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASC Topic 326”), which creates an impairment model that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. The Group used a modified retrospective approach, and the cumulative-effect to retained earnings was immaterial. To estimate the allowance for current expected credit losses (“CECL”), the Company has identified the relevant risk characteristics of its customers and the related receivables and other receivables which include but are not limited to geographic region and industry. Receivables with similar risk characteristics have been grouped into pools. For each pool, the Company considers the past collection history, future forecasts and macroeconomic factors. Other key factors that influence the CECL analysis include industry-specific factors and certain qualitative adjustments that could impact the Company’s receivables. This is assessed at each period end based on the Company’s specific facts and circumstances. There have been no significant impact of changes in the assumptions since adoption.

Property and Equipment, Net

(k)

Property and Equipment, net

Property and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the following estimated useful lives, taking into account any estimated residual value. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred.

The estimated useful lives of property and equipment are as follows:


		Estimated Useful Lives
Electronic equipment		3 years
Furniture, computers and office equipment		3 years
Network equipment		3 years
Leasehold improvements		Shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life
Capitalized software		3-5 years

Long-term investments

(l)

Long-term investments

The Company’s long-term investments include equity investments accounted for using the measurement alternative, debt securities and equity investments accounted for using the equity method.

For equity investments which the Company cannot exercise significant influence and does not have a readily determinable fair value, the Company has elected to apply the measurement alternative and recorded these investments at cost, less impairment, and plus or minus subsequent adjustments for observable price changes, in accordance with ASC topic 321 – Investments – Equity Securities (“ASC 321”). Under this measurement alternative, changes in the carrying value of the equity investments are required to be made whenever there are observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or similar investment of the same issuer.

The Company’s long-term debt security is a convertible debt instrument issued by a private company and is reported at fair value. Interest income is recognized in earnings, and unrealized gains and losses in the carrying amount of these the debt security is recognized in other comprehensive income. Upon sale, realized gains and losses are reported in net income. An impairment loss on debt investments, if any, is recognized in earnings when the decline in value is determined to be other-than-temporary.

Investments in entities in which the Company does not control, but can exercise significant influence, are accounted for using the equity method of accounting in accordance with ASC topic 323, Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures (“ASC 323”). Under the equity method, the Company initially records its investments at cost. The Company subsequently adjusts the carrying amount of the investments to recognize the Company’s proportionate share of each equity investee’s net income or loss into earnings as well as distributions received after the date of investment. The Company reviews its investments in equity method investees for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable.

Business combinations

(m)

Business combinations

The Company allocates the purchase price of the acquisition to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values at the acquisition dates. The excess of the purchase price over those fair values is recorded as goodwill. During the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.

Goodwill and intangible assets

(n)

Goodwill and intangible assets

Intangible assets

Intangible assets are recognized at fair value and consists of developed technology and customer relationships from acquisitions (see Note 3). Intangible assets are amortized over the period of estimated benefit using the straight-line method which are 5 or 3 years, respectively. The estimated life of intangible assets subject to amortization is reassessed if circumstances occur that indicate the life has changed. Intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. No impairment of intangible assets was recognized for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the total cost of the acquisition over the fair value of the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed of the acquired entity as a result of the Company’s business acquisitions during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021 (see Note 3).

Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment on an annual basis at the reporting unit level, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. The annual impairment test includes an option to perform a qualitative assessment of whether it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying value. If as a result of the qualitative assessment, that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the quantitative goodwill impairment test is performed to determine if the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value. Under the qualitative assessment, the Company considers primary factors such as industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the reporting unit and other specific information related to the operations. If the reporting unit does not pass the qualitative assessment, the Company estimates its fair value and compares the fair value with the carrying value of its reporting unit, including goodwill. If the fair value is greater than the carrying value of its reporting unit, no impairment is recorded. If the fair value is less than the carrying value, an impairment loss is recognized for the amount that the carrying amount of a reporting unit, including goodwill, exceeds its fair value, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The impairment charge would be recorded to earnings in the consolidated statements of

comprehensive loss.

Additionally, the Company’s policy is to update the fair value calculation of its reporting units and perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test on a periodic basis.

Starting in the first quarter of 2021, the Company identified the reporting units for the purpose of goodwill impairment testing as Agora and Easemob. For all periods presented, there were no events or circumstances that the Company identified which indicated that the fair value of the Company’s reporting units were below its carrying value, and thus no goodwill impairment charges were recognized. As of December 31, 2020 the carrying amount of goodwill for Agora was $3.1 million

As of December 31, 2021, the carrying amount of goodwill for Agora and Easemob was $3.1 million and $53.0 million, respectively.

Impairment of long-lived assets other than goodwill

(o)

Impairment of long-lived assets other than goodwill

Long-lived assets (including amortizable intangible assets) are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances occur that indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable or that the useful life is shorter than the Group had originally estimated. When these events occur, the Group evaluates the impairment for the long-lived assets by comparing the carrying value of the assets to an estimate of future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated from the use of the assets and their eventual disposition. If the sum of the expected future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying value of the assets, an impairment loss is recognized for the excess of the carrying value of the assets over the fair value of the assets. No impairment charges were recognized for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021.

Leases

(p)

Leases

Prior to the adoption of ASC 842 on January 1, 2021

Each lease is classified at the inception date as either a capital lease or an operating lease. For the lessee, a lease is a capital lease if any of the following conditions exist: a) ownership is transferred to the lessee by the end of the lease term, b) there is a bargain purchase option, c) the lease term is at least 75% of the property’s estimated remaining economic life or d) the present value of the minimum lease payments at the beginning of the lease term is 90% or more of the fair value of the leased property to the leaser at the inception date. The Group had no capital leases for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2020. Rental expense is recognized from the date of initial possession of the leased property on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

Upon and hereafter the adoption of ASC 842 on January 1, 2021

On January 1, 2021, the Company adopted ASU

2016-02,

Leases (“ASC 842”), as amended, which supersedes the lease accounting guidance under Topic 840, and generally require lessees to recognize operating and financing lease liabilities and corresponding

right-of-use

assets on the balance sheet and to provide enhanced disclosures surrounding the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leasing arrangements.

The Company elected to apply practical expedients permitted under the transition method that allow the Company to use the beginning of the period of adoption as the date of initial application, to not recognize lease assets and lease liabilities for leases with a term of twelve months or less and to not reassess lease classification, treatment of initial direct costs, or whether an existing or expired contract contains a lease. The Company used modified retrospective method and did not adjust the prior comparative periods. All of the Company’s leases qualify as operating leases. Under the new lease standard, the Company determines if an arrangement is or contains a lease at inception. The Company records a

right-of-use

asset and corresponding lease liability at the lease commencement date by calculating the present value of future lease payments, discounted at the Company’s incremental borrowing rate, over the expected term. The Company considers only payments that are fixed and determinable at the time of lease commencement. When determining the lease term, the Company includes options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that it will exercise that option, if any. Short-term leases (lease terms less than 12 months) are recognized as incurred.

As a result of the adoption, the Company recognized approximately $6.5 million of operating lease

right-of-use

assets and $6.5 million of lease liabilities for operating leases on the consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2021. The Company does not have any finance leases. The adoption had no material impact on the Company’s consolidated statements of comprehensive loss for the period ended December 31, 2021 or the opening balances of retained earnings as of January 1, 2021.

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease or contains a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease

right-of-use

(“ROU”) assets, operating lease liability, and operating lease liability,

non-current

in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. When determining the lease term, the Company includes options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that it will exercise that option, if any. As the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate, which it calculates based on the credit quality of the Company and by comparing interest rates available in the market for similar borrowings, and adjusting this amount based on the impact of collateral over the term of each lease.

The Company has elected to adopt the following lease policies in conjunction with the adoption of ASU

2016-02:

(i) elect for each lease not to separate

non-lease

components from lease components and instead to account for each separate lease component and the

non-lease

components associated with that lease component as a single lease component; (ii) for leases that have lease terms of 12 months or less and does not include a purchase option that is reasonably certain to exercise, the Company elected not to apply ASC 842 recognition requirements; and (iii) the Company elected to apply the package of practical expedients for existing arrangements entered into prior to January 1, 2021 to not reassess (a) whether an arrangement is or contains a lease, (b) the lease classification applied to existing leases, and (c) initial direct costs.

Advances from Customers

(q)

Advances from Customers

Certain customers pay in advance prior to the service usage. Payments received from customers are initially recorded as advances from customers and are recognized as revenues when revenue recognition criteria are met. See Note 2(

)—Revenue Recognition.

Deferred Financing Costs

(r)

Deferred Financing Costs

The Company capitalizes certain legal, professional accounting and other third-party fees that are directly associated with

in-process

equity financings as deferred financing costs until such transactions are consummated. After consummation of an equity financing, these costs are recorded in shareholders’ equity (deficit) as a reduction of additional

paid-in

capital generated as a result of the financing. Should the

in-process

equity financing be abandoned, the deferred financing costs will be expensed immediately as a charge to operating expenses in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.

As of December 31, 2020 and 2021, deferred

financing

costs of nil and

US$2.3 million

were recorded in the consolidated balance sheet, respectively. See Note 7—Other

Non-current

Assets.

Value Added Taxes

(

)

Value Added Taxes

The Group’s entities in the PRC are subject to value-added taxes (“VAT”) at a rate of 6% on their services, less any deductible VAT the Group has already paid or borne. They are also subject to surcharges on VAT payments in accordance with PRC law. VAT is not included in the revenue recognized for the Group.

Revenue Recognition

(

)

Revenue Recognition

The Group

accounts for its revenue contracts in accordance with

ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC

606

)

. According to ASC 606, revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Group expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The Group determines revenue recognition through the following steps: (1) identify the contract(s) with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.

The Group’s revenue is primarily derived from real-time engagement services, which are usage-based fees earned from customers accessing the Group’s enterprise cloud computing platform. The performance obligation associated with the platform access is a series of distinct services that have the same pattern of transfer, and the usage-based fees are recognized as revenue in the period in which the usage occurs.

The Group’s other revenues are comprised primarily of project revenues, which are arrangements with specific customers where the Company will customize a software development kit to be integrated with the customer’s system based on the customer’s specific requirements. The progress of the project is defined by the readiness of the system integration as specified in the contract. To date, the Group’s projects are considered a single performance obligation, as the individual components of the project are not sold on a standalone basis and does not provide benefit to the customer on its own. Revenue is recognized over time as the Group’s performance enhances an asset controlled by the customer. Revenue recognition is based on the measurement of progress toward complete satisfaction of the performance obligation, for which the Group utilizes the output method. Starting in 2021, a portion of the Group’s project revenues with substantial acceptance clauses are recognized at a point in time as none of the over-time criteria is met.

Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. Accounts receivables represent amounts invoiced and revenue recognized prior to invoicing, when the Group has satisfied its performance obligations and has the unconditional right to payment. The Group records a contract asset when the Group has incurred costs to fulfill their obligations under a contract once it is obtained but before transferring goods or services to the customer. The contract assets are comprised primarily of direct labor costs and direct materials used in providing the promised services to a customer. As of December 31, 2020 and 2021, contract assets recorded in the Group’s consolidated balance sheets was nil and

US$

1.0

million, respectively.

If a customer pays consideration, or the Group has a right to an amount of consideration that is unconditional (that is, a receivable), before the Group transfers a good or service to the customer, the Group shall present the contract as a contract liability when the payment is made or the payment is due (whichever is earlier). A contract liability is the Group’s obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which it has received consideration (or an amount of consideration is due) from the customer. Due to the generally short-term duration of the contracts, the majority of the performance obligations are satisfied in the following reporting period. As of December 31, 2020 and 2021, contract liabilities recorded as advances from customers were US$1.3 million and US$9.1

million, respectively, in the Group’s consolidated balance sheets. Revenue recognized for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021 that was included in the contract liabilities balance at the beginning of the period was U

S$0.6 million

US$0.9 million and

US$

0.7

million, respectively.

Practical Expedients and Exemptions

Incremental costs of obtaining a contract are expensed when incurred if the amortization period of the asset that the entity otherwise would have recognized is one year or less. For all periods presented, there were no incremental contract obtaining costs that were capitalized as assets due to short term of the amortization period.

Cost of Revenues

(

)

Cost of Revenues

Cost of revenue consists primarily of costs of bandwidth purchased from network service providers and costs of hosting services purchased from data center operators, and personnel costs for the customer care and support services employees. These costs are charged to the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss as incurred.

Research and Development Expenses

(

)

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses consist primarily of employee wages and benefits for research and development personnel, cloud infrastructure fees for staging and development, third party software testing services, and an allocation of general overhead expenses. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred in accordance with ASC 730, Research and Development.

Software Development Costs

(

)

Software Development Costs

The Group accounts for costs to develop or obtain internal use software in accordance with ASC

350-40,

Internal-Use

Software. For internal use software, the Group expenses costs incurred for the preliminary project stage and post implementation-operation stage of development, and costs associated with repair or maintenance of the existing applications. Costs incurred in the application development stage are capitalized

Capitalized costs of platform and other software applications are included in property and equipment, net. These costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the software, which is evaluated for each specific project. Management evaluates the useful life of these assets on an annual basis and tests for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances occur that could impact the recoverability of these assets.

Sales and Marketing Expenses

(

)

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of marketing and promotional expenses, salaries and payroll expenses to the Group’s sales and marketing personnel. Advertising expenses consist primarily of costs for the promotion of corporate image and product marketing. The Group expenses all advertising costs as incurred and classifies these costs under sales and marketing. For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, advertising and marketing costs totaled US$1.2 million, US$1.6 million and US$3.2 million respectively.

General and Administrative Expenses

(

)

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist of employee wages and benefits for corporate employees, rental expenses, audit and legal fees, depreciation of property and equipment, current expected credit loss, and other corporate overhead costs.

Income Tax

(

)

Income Tax

Current income taxes are recorded in accordance with the regulations of the relevant tax jurisdiction. The Group accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method in accordance with ASC 740, Income Tax. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the tax consequences attributable to differences between carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities in the financial statements and their respective tax basis, and operating loss carry-forwards. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which temporary differences are expected to be received or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of changes in tax rates is recognized in the statement of comprehensive loss in the period of the enactment of the change.

The Company considers positive and negative evidence when determining whether a portion or all of its deferred tax assets will more likely than not be realized. This assessment considers, among other matters, the nature, frequency and severity of current and cumulative losses, forecasts of future profitability, the duration of statutory carry-forward periods, its experience with tax attributes expiring unused, and its tax planning strategies. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon its ability to generate sufficient future taxable income within the carry-forward periods provided for in the tax law and during the periods in which the temporary differences become deductible. When assessing the realization of deferred tax assets, the Company has considered possible sources of taxable income including (1) future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, (2) future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carry-forwards, (3) future taxable income arising from implementing tax planning strategies, and (4) specific known trend of profits expected to be reflected in the Company’s operations.

The Company recognizes a tax benefit associated with an uncertain tax position when, in its judgment, it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination by a taxing authority. For a tax position that meets the

more-likely-than-not

recognition threshold, the Company initially and subsequently measures the tax benefit as the largest amount that the Company judges to have a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority. The Company’s liability associated with unrecognized tax benefits is adjusted periodically due to changing circumstances, such as the progress of tax audits, case law developments and new or emerging legislation. Such adjustments are recognized entirely in the period in which they are identified. The Company’s effective tax rate includes the net impact of changes in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits and subsequent adjustments as considered appropriate by management. The Company classifies interest and penalties recognized on the liability for unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, there were no uncertain tax position liabilities or deferred tax recognized.

Share-based Compensation

(

)

Share-based Compensation

All share-based awards are measured at fair value on the grant date. The share-based compensation expenses have been categorized as either cost of revenues, research and development expenses, sales and marketing expenses or general and administrative expenses, depending on the job functions of the grantees.

Share Options Granted

For the service condition only options granted to employees without a repurchase feature, the compensation expense is recognized using the straight-line method over the requisite service period. The Group early adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”)

2016-09,

Compensation—Share-Based Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting from the earliest period presented to recognize the effect of forfeiture in compensation cost when they occur. In determining the fair value of the Company’s share options, the binomial option pricing model has been applied.

For certain share options that have a performance condition, the final number of share options may vest and settle depending on the employee’s performance against performance metrics over predefined performance periods. Over the performance period, the number of share options that may be issued and the related share-based compensation expense that is recognized is adjusted upward or downward based upon the probability of achieving the approved performance targets against the performance metrics.

Liability Classified Awards

For the Venture Partners Plan awards (See Note

-Share-based

Compensation), these awards can be settled through the issuance of shares or cash to employees at the decision of the Company and the number of shares that an employee ultimately receives is variable based on the share price at the settlement date. The Company accounts for these awards as a liability and will remeasure the liability at each reporting period until the award is settled. For the annual shared profit, compensation is recognized using the straight-line method over the performance period, using the estimated liability of the award at service inception date and begin to recognize compensation expense. For the accumulated retained profit, if any, compensation is recognized using the straight-line method over the requisite service period, using the estimated liability of the award at service inception date and begin to recognize compensation expense. The Group will

true-up

the compensation cost each reporting period for changes in liability prorated for the portion of the requisite service period rendered, if applicable. Once vested (that is, the performance period or the requisite-service period is complete), the Group will immediately recognize compensation cost for any changes in liability upon settlement.

Restricted Shares and Restricted Share Units (“RSUs”)

For the restricted shares and RSUs granted with service conditions, the awards are measured at fair value on the grant date. Share-based compensation expense is recognized using the straight-line method over the requisite service period. The fair value of the restricted shares granted prior to the IPO was assessed using the income approaches, with a discount for lack of marketability given that the shares underlying the awards were not publicly traded at the time of grant. This assessment required complex and subjective judgments regarding the Company’s projected financial and operating results, its unique business risks, the liquidity of its ordinary shares and its operating history and prospects at the time the grants were made. The fair value of restricted shares and RSUs granted

post-IPO

is determined based on the closing quoted price of the Company’s ordinary share on the date of grant.

For certain restricted shares that have a performance condition, the final number of restricted shares may vest and settle depending on the employee’s performance against performance metrics over predefined performance periods. Over the performance period, the number of restricted shares that may be issued and the related share-based compensation expense that is recognized is adjusted upward or downward based upon the probability of achieving the approved performance targets against the performance metrics.

Similar to options above, the Group recognizes the effect of forfeitures in compensation costs when they occur. For the restricted shares that the Company is obligated to repurchase at grantee’s election, they are classified as liability awards and are applied the accounting policy of liability classified awards as mentioned above. For the restricted shares granted by the Founder to the Company’s employees, the compensation expense of these awards is pushed down to the Company and recorded by the Company based on grant-date fair value with total compensation expense recognized over the grantee’s own requisite service period. See Note

—Share-based Compensation.

Cancellation of an award accompanied by the grant of a replacement award is accounted for as a modification of the terms of the canceled award (“modification awards’’). The compensation costs associated with the modification awards are recognized if either the original vesting condition or the new vesting condition has been achieved. If the awards are expected to vest under the original vesting condition, the compensation cost would be recognized regardless of whether the employee satisfies the modified condition. Such compensation costs cannot be less than the grant-date fair value of the original award. The incremental compensation cost is measured as the excess of the fair value of the replacement award over the fair value of the canceled award at the cancellation date. Therefore, in relation to the modification awards, the Group recognizes share-based compensation over the vesting periods of the new awards, which comprises (1) the amortization of the incremental portion of share-based compensation over the remaining vesting term and (2) any unrecognized compensation cost of original award, using either the original term or the new term, whichever is higher for each reporting period.

Related Parties

(

)

Related Parties

Parties are considered to be related if one party has the ability, directly or indirectly, to control the other party or exercise significant influence over the other party in making financial and operating decisions. Parties are also considered to be related if they are subject to common control or significant influence, such as a family member or relative, shareholder, or a related corporation.

Dividends

(

)

Dividends

Dividends are recognized when declared. No dividends were declared for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively. The Group does not have any present plan to pay any dividends on ordinary shares in the foreseeable future. The Group currently intends to retain the available funds and any future earnings to operate and expand its business.

Losses Per Share

(

)

Losses Per Share

Basic losses per share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to holders of ordinary shares by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year using the two class method. Ordinary shares issuable for little or no cash consideration are also included as outstanding shares once all of their conditions have been met as they are considered contingently issuable shares. The net loss will be adjusted by deducting (1) dividends declared in the period on preferred shares (if any), (2) cumulative dividends on preferred shares (whether or not declared) and (3) deemed dividends as required by U.S. GAAP. Using the

two-class

method, net income loss is allocated between ordinary shares and other participating securities (that is, the Preferred Shares) based on their participating rights.

Diluted losses per share is calculated by dividing net income attributable to ordinary shareholders as adjusted for the effect of dilutive ordinary equivalent shares, if any, by the weighted average number of ordinary and dilutive ordinary equivalents shares outstanding during the year. Dilutive equivalent shares are excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share if their effects would be anti-dilutive. Ordinary share equivalents consist of the ordinary shares issuable in connection with the Group’s convertible redeemable preferred shares using the

if-converted

method, and ordinary shares issuable upon the conversion of share options, liability classified awards, restricted shares and RSUs, using the treasury stock method. Except for voting rights, the Class A and Class B ordinary shares have all the same rights and therefore the loss per share for both classes of shares are identical.

Comprehensive Loss

(ee)

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss is defined to include all changes in equity (deficit) of the Group during a period arising from transactions and other events and circumstances excluding transactions resulting from investments by shareholders and distributions to shareholders. Other comprehensive income (loss), as presented in the consolidated balance sheets, consists of accumulated foreign currency translation adjustments as well as fair value changes of the Company’s debt security.

Segment Reporting

(ff)

Segment Reporting

ASC 280, Segment Reporting, establishes standards for companies to report in their financial statements information about operating segments, products, services, geographic areas, and major customers. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise engaging in businesses activities for which separate financial information is available that is regularly evaluated by the Group’s chief operating decision makers in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Group’s chief operating decision maker has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer, who reviews consolidated results including revenue, gross profit and operating profit at a consolidated level only. The Group does not distinguish between markets for the purpose of making decisions about resources allocation and performance assessment. Hence, the Group has only one operating segment and one reportable segment.

The following table presents the Group’s revenues disaggregated by primary geographical markets:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2020		2021

	(US$ thousand)
Primary geographical markets based on customers’ location
PRC	$	50,584	$	107,092	$	117,944
United States		5,296		10,019		17,281
Others		8,548		16,453		32,757

Total revenues	$	64,428	$	133,564	$	167,982

The majority of the Group’s long-lived assets are located and maintained within the PRC.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

(

)

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

New and Amended Standards Adopted by the Group

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU

2018-13,

Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, which eliminates, adds and modifies certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. Under the guidance, public companies will be required to disclose the range and weighted average used to develop significant unobservable inputs for Level 3 fair value measurements. The guidance is effective for all public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and for interim periods within those fiscal years, but entities are permitted to early adopt either the entire standard or only the provisions that eliminate or modify the requirements. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2020, and the adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU

2016-02,

Leases (“ASC 842”). Under the new guidance, lessees will be required to recognize a lease liability and a

right-of

use asset for each of its leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a short-term lease). Leases will be classified as either operating or finance. The update also expands the required quantitative and qualitative disclosures for leases. The standard is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2021 and interim periods within the following fiscal year, with early adoption permitted.

The Company adopted ASC 842 using the modified retrospective transition approach, to be applied to leases existing as of, or entered into after, January 1, 2021. Prior period results continue to be presented under ASC 840 based on the accounting standards originally in effect for such periods. This standard provides a number of optional practical expedients in transition, which has been detailed in accounting policy (

) above.

In connection with the adoption of ASC 842, on January 1, 2021, the Company recorded an impact of

$6.5 million on its assets and liabilities for the recognition of operating lease

right-of-use-assets

and operating lease liabilities, respectively, which are primarily related to the lease of the Company’s office spaces. The adoption of ASC 842 did not have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations or cash flows.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”), which replaces the current incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) methodology which changes how entities measure credit losses on financial instruments and the timing of when such losses are recorded. The Company adopted this new accounting standard on January 1, 2021 using the modified retrospective method. The measurement of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology is applicable to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including held-to-maturity fixed deposits, accounts receivable, certain other receivables recorded in prepayments, employee loans and deposits are within the scope of ASC Topic 326. The cumulative-effect adjustment recorded to opening accumulated deficit as of January 1, 2021 related to additional allowance for current expected credit losses on doubtful accounts was immaterial. For additional information, see accounting policy (j) above.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU

2019-12—Income

Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. This update simplifies the accounting for income taxes as part of the FASB’s overall initiative to reduce complexity in accounting standards. The amendments in ASU

2019-12

simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740. The amendments also improve consistent application of and simplify GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. ASU

2019-12

is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those beginning after January 1, 2021 for the Company. Early adoption of the amendments is permitted. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s disclosures.

New and Amended Standards not yet Adopted by the Group

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU

2020-06,

“Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic

470-20)

and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic

815-40),”

which removes certain separation models for convertible debt instruments and convertible preferred stock that require the separation of a convertible debt instrument into a debt component and an equity or derivative component. The ASU also expands disclosure requirements for convertible instruments and simplifies areas of the guidance for diluted

earnings-per-share

calculations that are impacted by the amendments. The standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of the adoption of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU

2021-08,

“Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers”, which require that an entity (acquirer) recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with Topic 606. At the acquisition date, an acquirer should account for the related revenue contracts in accordance with Topic 606 as if it had originated the contracts. The amendments in this Update also provide certain practical expedients for acquirers when recognizing and measuring acquired contract assets and contract liabilities from revenue contracts in a business combination. The standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of the adoption of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

Restricted Net Assets (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
VIE \| Shanghai Zhaoyan Network Technology Co., Ltd. ("Zhaoyan")
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Restricted net assets for subsidiaries	$ 23.3

Long-term investments (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]

Schedule Of Equity Method Investments

The following table sets forth a breakdown of the long-term investments held by the Company as of December 31, 2021:


	As of December 31, 2021
	(US$ thousand)
Equity investments without readily determinable fair value	$	36,025
Equity method investments		12,704
Debt security		5,196

	$	53,925

Leases - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Operating leases terms varying	3 years 3 months
Total lease costs	$ 4.2
Short-term Lease, Cost	$ 0.5
Operating Leases, Rent Expense		$ 2.3	$ 1.4
Maximum [Member]
Operating leases terms varying	5 years
Minimum [Member]
Operating leases terms varying	1 year

Convertible Redeemable Preferred Shares - Preferred Shares Activity (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($) shares
Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity [Roll Forward]
Preferred stock outstanding, beginning balance	$ 239,970
Issuance of convertible redeemable preferred shares, net of issuance costs	50,000
Accretion on convertible redeemable preferred shares to redemption value	193,466
Conversion of convertible redeemable preferred shares upon completion of the IPO	(483,436)
Preferred stock outstanding, ending balance	$ 0
Series A Preferred Stock
Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity [Roll Forward]
Preferred stock, shares outstanding, beginning balance (in shares) \| shares	55,626,960
Preferred stock outstanding, beginning balance	$ 90,050
Accretion on convertible redeemable preferred shares to redemption value	$ 188,085
Conversion of convertible redeemable preferred shares upon completion of the IPO (in shares) \| shares	(55,626,960)
Conversion of convertible redeemable preferred shares upon completion of the IPO	$ (278,135)
Preferred stock, shares outstanding, ending balance (in shares) \| shares	0
Preferred stock outstanding, ending balance	$ 0
Series B Preferred Stock
Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity [Roll Forward]
Preferred stock, shares outstanding, beginning balance (in shares) \| shares	50,783,698
Preferred stock outstanding, beginning balance	$ 30,046
Accretion on convertible redeemable preferred shares to redemption value	$ 45
Conversion of convertible redeemable preferred shares upon completion of the IPO (in shares) \| shares	(50,783,698)
Conversion of convertible redeemable preferred shares upon completion of the IPO	$ (30,091)
Preferred stock, shares outstanding, ending balance (in shares) \| shares	0
Preferred stock outstanding, ending balance	$ 0
Series B+ Preferred Stock
Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity [Roll Forward]
Preferred stock, shares outstanding, beginning balance (in shares) \| shares	26,651,410
Preferred stock outstanding, beginning balance	$ 46,274
Accretion on convertible redeemable preferred shares to redemption value	$ 197
Conversion of convertible redeemable preferred shares upon completion of the IPO (in shares) \| shares	(26,651,410)
Conversion of convertible redeemable preferred shares upon completion of the IPO	$ (46,471)
Preferred stock, shares outstanding, ending balance (in shares) \| shares	0
Preferred stock outstanding, ending balance	$ 0
Series C Preferred Stock
Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity [Roll Forward]
Preferred stock, shares outstanding, beginning balance (in shares) \| shares	34,793,413
Preferred stock outstanding, beginning balance	$ 73,600
Accretion on convertible redeemable preferred shares to redemption value	$ 3,006
Conversion of convertible redeemable preferred shares upon completion of the IPO (in shares) \| shares	(34,793,413)
Conversion of convertible redeemable preferred shares upon completion of the IPO	$ (76,606)
Preferred stock, shares outstanding, ending balance (in shares) \| shares	0
Preferred stock outstanding, ending balance	$ 0
Series C+ Preferred Stock
Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity [Roll Forward]
Preferred stock, shares outstanding, beginning balance (in shares) \| shares	0
Preferred stock outstanding, beginning balance	$ 0
Issuance of convertible redeemable preferred shares, net of issuance costs (in shares) \| shares	15,062,510
Issuance of convertible redeemable preferred shares, net of issuance costs	$ 50,000
Accretion on convertible redeemable preferred shares to redemption value	$ 2,133
Conversion of convertible redeemable preferred shares upon completion of the IPO (in shares) \| shares	(15,062,510)
Conversion of convertible redeemable preferred shares upon completion of the IPO	$ (52,133)
Preferred stock, shares outstanding, ending balance (in shares) \| shares	0
Preferred stock outstanding, ending balance	$ 0

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity (Deficit) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Private Placement	Initial Public Offering Including Over Allotment Option [Member]	Common Class A	Common Class B	Ordinary shares	Ordinary shares Common Class A	Ordinary shares Common Class A Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)	Ordinary shares Common Class A Private Placement	Ordinary shares Common Class A Initial Public Offering Including Over Allotment Option [Member]	Ordinary shares Common Class B	Additional paid-in capital	Additional paid-in capital Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)	Additional paid-in capital Private Placement	Additional paid-in capital Initial Public Offering Including Over Allotment Option [Member]	Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	Accumulated deficit
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018						112,441,049	0				0
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2018	$ (73,242)					$ 11						$ 0				$ (630)	$ (72,623)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Vesting of restricted shares (Note 15) (in shares)						6,733,333
Vesting of restricted shares (Note 15)	78					$ 1						77
Share-based compensation expense (Note 15)	3,159											3,159
Repurchase of restricted shares (Note 15) (in shares)						(100,000)
Repurchase of restricted shares (Note 15)	(84)											(84)
Reclassification of liability-classified awards to equity-classified awards (Note 15)	48											48
Accretion on convertible redeemable preferred shares to redemption value (Note 13)	(50,716)											(3,200)					(47,516)
Net income (loss)	(6,177)																(6,177)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(358)															(358)
Unrealized gain on debt securities	0
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2019						119,074,382	0				0
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2019	(127,292)					$ 12						0				(988)	(126,316)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Vesting of restricted shares (Note 15) (in shares)						2,805,556
Vesting of restricted shares (Note 15)	0
Share-based compensation expense (Note 15)	8,521											8,521
Conversion of ordinary shares to Class A and Class B Ordinary Shares (in shares)						(121,879,938)	45,700,000				76,179,938
Conversion of ordinary shares to Class A and Class B Ordinary Shares	0					$ (12)	$ 4				$ 8
Accretion on convertible redeemable preferred shares to redemption value (Note 13)	(193,465)											(158,949)					(34,516)
Conversion of convertible redeemable preferred shares to Class A ordinary shares (Note 14) (in shares)							182,917,991
Conversion of convertible redeemable preferred shares to Class A ordinary shares (Note 14)	483,436						$ 18					483,418
Issuance of Class A ordinary shares (in shares)									22,000,000	80,500,000
Issuance of Class A ordinary shares		$ 110,000	$ 373,638						$ 2	$ 8				$ 109,998	$ 373,630
Net income (loss)	(3,115)																(3,115)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	2,929															2,929
Shares issued as part of an acquisition (in shares)							84,634
Shares issued as part of an acquisition (Note 3)	850											850
Unrealized gain on debt securities	$ 0
Exercise of options (in shares)	7,632,431						7,632,431
Exercise of options	$ 961						$ 1					960
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020	415,014,994			338,835,056	76,179,938	0	338,835,056				76,179,938
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2020	$ 656,463					$ 0	$ 33				$ 8	818,428				1,941	(163,947)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Vesting of restricted shares (Note 15) (in shares)								384,585
Vesting of restricted shares (Note 15)	78							$ 0					$ 78
Share-based compensation expense (Note 15)	25,645											25,645
Accretion on convertible redeemable preferred shares to redemption value (Note 13)	(193,500)
Issuance of Class A ordinary shares (in shares)									20,000,000
Issuance of Class A ordinary shares		$ 249,950							$ 2					$ 249,948
Net income (loss)	(72,355)																(72,355)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	1,307															1,307
Settlement of VPP (Note 15)	3,512						$ 0					3,512
Unrealized gain on debt securities	$ (99)															(99)
Exercise of options (in shares)	14,235,844						14,235,844
Exercise of options	$ 1,760						$ 2					1,758
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021	449,635,423			373,455,485	76,179,938	0	373,455,485				76,179,938
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 866,261					$ 0	$ 37				$ 8	$ 1,099,369				$ 3,149	$ (236,302)

Leases

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

The Company leases facilities under

non-cancellable

operating leases, which have lease terms varying from one to five years. Total lease costs for the year ended December 31, 2021 was

4.2 million, included in cost of revenues, research and development, sales and marketing and general and administrative expenses in the Company’s consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. Out of the total lease costs, there was

US$0.5

million

of expenses for short-term leases within 12 months.

Lease term and discount rates were as follows:


	As of December 31, 2021
	(US$ thousand)
Weighted-average remaining lease term
Operating leases		2.0 years
Weighted-average discount rate
Operating leases		5.1	%

Maturities of lease liabilities were as follows:


	As of December 31, 2021
	(US$ thousand)
2022	$	4,219
2023		3,019
2024		515

Total undiscounted lease payments		7,753
Less: imputed interest		(344	)

Total prese nt value of lease liabilitie s	$	7,409

As of December 31, 2020, future minimum payments under

non-cancellable

operating leases for office rental, office equipment and property management fee of office premises consist of the following:


	Operating Leases *
	(US$ thousand)
2021	$	2,914
2022		2,317
2023		1,439
2024		106

	$	6,776

*	Amounts are based on ASC 840, Leases that were superseded upon the Company’s adoption of ASC 842, Leases on January 1, 2021.

Under ASC 840, rental

expense was US$1.4 million and US$2.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively

Related Party Transactions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Related Party Transactions

20.	Related Party Transactions

For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, the significant related party transactions and balances were as follows:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2020		2021

	(US$)
Rental fee charged by a related party		168		202		216
Consideration to a related party for Netless acquisition		—		1,300		—

The rental fee charged by a related party represented the costs charged from a company under common control of a principal shareholder for a renewable operating lease for an office facility used by the Group. The Company has recorded US$0.4 million of ROU assets and lease liabilities as of December 31, 2021 associated with this lease (see Note 10 for additional information on leases).

Prior to the Netless acquisition (Note 3), a company under common control of a principal shareholder held a 10% preferred share investment in the acquiree company. As part of the acquisition, the related party’s preferred share investment was liquidated, and the related party was entitled to a US$1.3 million worth of payment in a combination of US$1.2 million and 14,935 ordinary shares, as well as additional payout which is contingent on certain conditions. The total payout that the related party is entitled to, including subsequent payments, is equivalent to 100% of the issuance price plus the related party’s ratable portion of the remaining purchase price as a 10% shareholder. The cash consideration was recorded as a payable as of December 31, 2020 and was subsequently settled in 2021.

Convertible Redeemable Preferred Shares (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Temporary Equity Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Preferred Shares Activity

The Company’s Preferred Shares activities for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021 are summarized in the following table:


	Series A Preferred Shares						Series B Preferred Shares						Series B+ Preferred Shares						Series C Preferred Shares						Series C+ Preferred Shares						Total
	Number of shares			Amount (US$ thousand)			Number of shares			Amount (US$ thousand)			Number of shares			Amount (US$ thousand)			Number of shares			Amount (US$ thousand)			Number of shares			Amount (US$ thousand)			Amount (US$ thousand)
Balances as of January 1, 2020		55,626,960		$	90,050			50,783,698		$	30,046			26,651,410		$	46,274			34,793,413		$	73,600			—		$	—		$	239,970

Issuance of convertible redeemable preferred shares, net of issuance costs		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			15,062,510			50,000			50,000
Accretion on convertible redeemable preferred shares to redemption value		—			188,085			—			45			—			197			—			3,006			—			2,133			193,466
Conversion of convertible redeemable preferred shares upon completion of the IPO		(55,626,960	)		(278,135	)		(50,783,698	)		(30,091	)		(26,651,410	)		(46,471	)		(34,793,413	)		(76,606	)		(15,062,510	)		(52,133	)		(483,436	)

Balances as of December 31, 2020 and 2021		—		$	—			—		$	—			—		$	—			—		$	—			—		$	—		$	—

Commitment and Contingencies - Narrative (Details)	Dec. 31, 2021
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Lessee, Operating Lease, Term of Contract	3 years 3 months

Income Taxes - Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Tax loss carry-forwards	$ 26,264	$ 12,286
Allowance for doubtful accounts and current expected credit losses	1,173	457
Payroll liabilities	670	298
Other deductible temporary difference	306	158
Deferred tax assets	28,413	13,199
Less valuation allowance	(28,413)	(12,688)
Deferred tax assets, net		511
Recognition of intangible assets arising from business combination	988	52
Deferred tax liabilities, net	$ (988)	$ (52)

Income Taxes - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	$ 116.2	$ 45.5
Domestic Tax Authority \| United States
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	37.9	35.5
State and Local Jurisdiction \| United States
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	$ 37.8	$ 35.4

Employee Benefits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
Employee Benefits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Compensation Related Costs [Abstract]
Employee benefits	$ 15.5	$ 4.7	$ 4.6

Ordinary Shares (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	1 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Feb. 28, 2021 USD ($) shares	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2021 vote shares	Dec. 31, 2020 shares
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Ordinary shares issued (in shares)			449,635,423	415,014,994
Ordinary shares outstanding (in shares)			449,635,423	415,014,994
Common Class A
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Ordinary shares issued (in shares)			373,455,485	338,835,056
Ordinary shares outstanding (in shares)			373,455,485	338,835,056
Number of shares issued in transaction (in shares)		102,500,000
Number of votes per share \| vote			1
Common Class B
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Ordinary shares issued (in shares)			76,179,938	76,179,938
Ordinary shares outstanding (in shares)			76,179,938	76,179,938
Conversion of stock, shares issued (in shares)		76,179,938
Number of votes per share \| vote			20
ADS Shares
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Sale of stock, price per share (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares		$ 20.00
IPO
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Proceeds from initial public offering \| $		$ 483.6
IPO \| ADS Shares
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Number of shares issued in transaction (in shares)		20,125,000
Over-Allotment Option \| ADS Shares
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Number of shares issued in transaction (in shares)		2,625,000
Private Placement
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Proceeds from initial public offering \| $	$ 250.0
Private Placement \| Common Class A
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Number of shares issued in transaction (in shares)	20,000,000	22,000,000

Share-based Compensation - Option Activity (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Number of Options
Beginning balance (in shares)	39,614,883	38,011,964	33,660,957
Granted (in shares)	8,799,568	9,941,500	5,087,648
Exercised (in shares)	(14,235,844)	(7,632,431)
Forfeited (in shares)	(1,469,760)	(706,150)	(787,425)
Reclassified from liability award (in shares)			50,784
Ending balance (in shares)	32,708,847	39,614,883	38,011,964	33,660,957
Vested and expected to vest, end of period (in shares)	17,948,942
Exercisable, end of period (in shares)	17,948,942
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Beginning balance (in dollars per share)	$ 0.17	$ 0.12	$ 0.11
Granted (in dollars per share)	0.09	0.19	0.24
Forfeited (in dollars per share)	0.13	0.16	0.13
Reclassified to equity classified award (in dollars per share)			0.10
Ending balance (in dollars per share)	0.14	0.17	$ 0.12	$ 0.11
Exercised	0.12	$ 0.12
Vested and expected to vest, end of period (in dollars per share)	0.13
Exercisable, end of period (in dollars per share)	$ 0.13
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life
Weighted-average remaining contractual term, outstanding	7 years 14 days	8 years 2 months 23 days	7 years 2 months 19 days	7 years 10 months 28 days
Weighted average remaining contractual term, vested and expected to vest	5 years 2 months 15 days
Weighted average remaining contractual term, exercisable	5 years 2 months 15 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Beginning Balance	$ 466,460,320	$ 51,303,638	$ 19,994,575
Aggregate intrinsic value, vested and expected to vest	69,501,801
Aggregate intrinsic value, exercisable	69,501,801
Ending Balance	127,168,263	466,460,320	$ 51,303,638	$ 19,994,575
Exercised	$ 128,514,032,000	$ 43,000,715,000
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Beginning Balance, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 1.08	$ 0.31	$ 0.23
Options granted, weighted-average grant-date fair value per share (in dollars per share)	7.07	3.16	0.86
Options vested and expected to vest, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)	0.71
Options exercisable, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)	0.71
Ending Balance, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 2.78	$ 1.08	$ 0.31	$ 0.23
Liability award – share options
Number of Options
Beginning balance (in shares)	0	0	1,150,784
Granted (in shares)			0
Repurchased (in shares)			(1,100,000)
Forfeited (in shares)			0
Reclassified to equity classified award (in shares)			(50,784)
Ending balance (in shares)	0	0	0	1,150,784
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Beginning balance (in dollars per share)			$ 0.10
Granted (in dollars per share)			0
Forfeited (in dollars per share)			0
Repurchased (in dollars per share)			0.10
Reclassified to equity classified award (in dollars per share)			$ 0.10
Ending balance (in dollars per share)				$ 0.10
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life
Weighted-average remaining contractual term, outstanding				5 years 11 months 19 days
Weighted average remaining contractual term, repurchased (in years)			5 years 8 months 1 day
Weighted average remaining contractual term, reclassified to equity classified award (in years)			6 years 9 months 21 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Aggregate intrinsic value, repurchased			$ 818,845
Beginning Balance			689,258
Aggregate intrinsic value, reclassified			$ 37,804
Ending Balance				$ 689,258
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Beginning Balance, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)			$ 0.07
Options repurchased, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)			0.07
Options reclassified to equity classified award, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)			$ 0.10
Ending Balance, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)				$ 0.07

Convertible Redeemable Preferred Shares

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Temporary Equity Disclosure [Abstract]

Convertible Redeemable Preferred Shares

13.	Convertible Redeemable Preferred Shares

On December 16, 2013, Agora, Inc. issued 57,200,000 Series A Convertible Redeemable Preferred Shares (“Former Series A Preferred Shares”) for a total cash consideration of US$5,720,000. As part of the Historical Reorganization in December 2014, the Former Series A Preferred Shares were exchanged for Series A Convertible Redeemable Preferred Shares of Agora IO, Inc. (“Series A Preferred Shares”).

On December 20, 2014, Agora IO, Inc. issued 50,783,698 Series B Convertible Redeemable Preferred Shares (“Series B Preferred Shares”) for cash consideration of US$20,250,000.

On May 18, 2017, Agora IO, Inc. issued 26,651,410 Series B+ Convertible Redeemable Preferred Shares (“Series B+ Preferred Shares”) for a total cash consideration of US$31,881,749.

On May 18, 2017, 1,573,040 Series A Preferred Shares were repurchased and retired by Agora IO, Inc. for a total cash consideration of US$1,599,487. On the same date, Agora IO, Inc. repurchased 2,777,778 Series A Preferred Shares for a total cash consideration of US$278 from the Founder and reissued the shares to a third party entity at the same nominal cash consideration. As the third party entity assisted the Group in finding a new investor to participate in the Series B+ Preferred Shares financing, the 2,777,778 Series A Preferred Shares were considered a commission to the third party entity, and were considered a Series B+ issuance cost that was net off the proceeds received during that round of financing.

On October 1, 2018 and October 23, 2018, Agora IO, Inc. issued an aggregate of 34,793,413 Series C Convertible Redeemable Preferred Shares (“Series C Preferred Shares”) for a total cash consideration of US$66,666,667.

On February 12, 2020, Agora, Inc. issued an aggregate of 15,062,510 Series C+ Convertible Redeemable Preferred Shares (“Series C+ Preferred Shares”) for a total cash consideration of US$50,000,002.

The above mentioned Series A, Series B, Series B+, Series C and Series C+ Preferred Shares are collectively referred as the “Preferred Shares.”

As disclosed in Note 1(b), the Group had undergone two reorganizations and each reorganization changed the issuer of the Preferred Shares to be the reporting entity through share swaps. The major terms and number of shares of the Preferred Shares have remained the same. Thus, there is no accounting impact on the Preferred Shares as a result of the Historical Reorganization or the Corporate Reorganization at the consolidated level. As further discussed in Note 1(b), the Historical Reorganization and the Corporate Reorganization were transactions by Group entities under common control. The equity section of the Company after the Corporate Reorganization is assumed to have existed from the earliest period presented in the consolidated financial statements.

The key terms of the Preferred Shares issued by the Company are as follows:

Conversion Rights

Optional Conversion

Each Series A, B, B+, C or C+ Preferred Share shall be convertible, at the option of the holder thereof, at any time and without the payment of additional consideration by the holder thereof, into such number of Ordinary Shares as is determined by the quotient of the applicable issue price divided by the then effective applicable conversion price with respect to such particular series of Preferred Shares, which shall initially be the applicable issue price for the Series A Preferred Shares, Series B Preferred Shares, Series B+ Preferred Shares, Series C Preferred Shares or Series C+ Preferred Shares as the case may be, resulting in an initial conversion ratio for the Preferred Shares of 1:1, and shall be subject to adjustment and readjustment from time to time, including but not limited to additional equity securities issuances, share dividends, distributions, subdivisions, redemptions, combinations, or reorganizations, mergers, consolidations, reclassifications, exchanges or substitutions.

Automatic Conversion

Upon the closing of a Qualified IPO (as defined in the Company’s memorandum and articles of association), all outstanding Preferred Shares shall automatically be converted into Ordinary Shares, at the then effective conversion price.

The Company determined that there were no beneficial conversion features identified for any of the Preferred Shares during any of the periods. In making this determination, the Company compared the fair value of the Ordinary Shares into which the Preferred Shares are convertible with the respective effective conversion price at the issuance date. In all instances, the effective conversion price was greater than the fair value of the Ordinary Shares. To the extent a conversion price adjustment occurs, as described above, the Company will

re-evaluate

whether or not a beneficial conversion feature should be recognized.

Voting Rights

Each holder of Series A, Series B, Series B+, Series C and Series C+ Preferred Shares is entitled to cast the number of votes equal to the number of Ordinary Shares such Preferred Shares would be entitled to convert into at the then effective conversion price. There was a modification to the voting rights of the shares controlled by the Founder when the Series B and Series B+ Preferred Shares were issued as follows:

•

the voting rights of shares controlled by the Founder was modified to carry 2 votes in connection with the Series B Preferred Shares financing; and

•

the voting rights of shares controlled by the Founder was modified to carry 3 votes in connection with the Series B+ Preferred Shares financing

Dividend Rights

First, each holder of Series C+ Preferred Shares is entitled to receive cumulative dividends out of any funds legally available of the Company, at the simple rate per annum of 8% of the Series C+ issue price, payable if and when declared by the board of directors.

Second, after full payment of dividends to the holders of the Series C+ Preferred Shares, each holder of the Series C Preferred Shares is entitled to receive cumulative dividends out of any funds legally available of the Company, at the simple rate per annum of 8% of the Series C issue price, payable if and when declared by the board of directors.

Third, after full payment of dividends to the holders of the Series C Preferred Shares, each holder of the Series B+ Preferred Shares is entitled to receive cumulative dividends out of any funds legally available of the Company, at the simple rate per annum of 8% of the Series B+ issue price, payable if and when declared by the board of directors.

Fourth, after full payment of dividends to the holders of the Series B+ Preferred Shares, each holder of the Series B Preferred Shares is entitled to receive cumulative dividends out of any funds legally available of the Company, at the simple rate per annum of 8% of the Series B issue price, payable if and when declared by the board of directors.

Fifth, after full payment of dividends to the holders of the Series B Preferred Shares, each holder of the Series A Preferred Shares is entitled to receive cumulative dividends out of any funds legally available of the Company, at the simple rate per annum of 8% of the Series B issue price, payable if and when declared by the board of directors.

Lastly, if after the preferential dividends relating to the Preferred Shares as described above have been paid in full or declared and set apart for payment in any fiscal year of the Company, the board of directors shall decide to declare a dividend or similar distribution to the holders of Ordinary Shares, then, in each such case, the holders of Preferred Shares shall be entitled to a proportionate share of any such dividend or distribution as though the holders of Preferred Shares were holders of the number of Ordinary Shares into which their Preferred Shares are convertible as of the record date fixed for the determination of the holders of Ordinary Shares entitled to receive such distribution.

Liquidation Preference

In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, or in the event of a Trade Sale (as defined in the Company’s memorandum and articles of association to include, among other things, a merger, share exchange, amalgamation or consolidation of any Group company resulting in a change of control of such Group company), collectively defined as “Deemed Liquidation Events”, the consideration payable to shareholders in such liquidation shall be distributed among the holders of the outstanding shares in the following order and manner:

First, the holders of Series C+ Preferred Shares then outstanding shall be entitled to be paid an amount per share equal to 150% of the Series C+ issue price, plus all accrued or declared but unpaid dividends (if applicable) on such Series C+ Preferred Share, out of funds legally available of the Company (the “Series C+ Preference Amount”). If the legally available funds are insufficient to permit the payment to all holders of Series C+ Preferred Shares the full Series C+ Preference Amount, then the entire assets and funds of the Company legally available for distribution shall be distributed pro rata among the holders of the Series C+ Preferred Shares.

Second, the holders of Series C Preferred Shares then outstanding shall be entitled to be paid an amount per share equal to 150% of the Series C issue price, plus all accrued or declared but unpaid dividends (if applicable) on such Series C Preferred Share, out of funds legally available of the Company (the “Series C Preference Amount”). If the legally available funds are insufficient to permit the payment to all holders of Series C Preferred Shares the full Series C Preference Amount, then the entire assets and funds of the Company legally available for distribution shall be distributed pro rata among the holders of the Series C Preferred Shares.

Third, the holders of Series B+ Preferred Shares then outstanding shall be entitled to be paid an amount per share equal to 150% of the Series B+ issue price, plus all accrued or declared but unpaid dividends (if applicable) on such Series B+ Preferred Shares, out of funds legally available of the Company (the “Series B+ Preference Amount”). If the legally available funds are insufficient to permit the payment to all holders of Series B+ Preferred Shares the full Series B+ Preference Amount, then the entire assets and funds of the Company legally available for distribution shall be distributed pro rata among the holders of the Series B+ Preferred Shares.

Fourth, the holders of Series B Preferred Shares then outstanding shall be entitled to be paid an amount per share equal to 150% of the Series B issue price, plus all accrued or declared but unpaid dividends (if applicable) on such Series B Preferred Shares, out of funds legally available of the Company (the “Series B Preference Amount”). If the legally available funds are insufficient to permit the payment to all holders of Series B Preferred Shares the full Series B Preference Amount, then the entire assets and funds of the Company legally available for distribution shall be distributed pro rata among the holders of the Series B Preferred Shares.

Fifth, the holders of Series A Preferred Shares then outstanding shall be entitled to be paid an amount per share equal to 150% of the Series A issue price, plus all accrued or declared but unpaid dividends (if applicable) on such Series A Preferred Shares, out of funds legally available of the Company (the “Series A Preference Amount”). If the legally available funds are insufficient to permit the payment to all holders of Series A Preferred Shares the full Series A Preference Amount, then the entire assets and funds of the Company legally available for distribution shall be distributed pro rata among the holders of the Series A Preferred Shares.

Lastly, if there are any assets or funds remaining after the aggregate of the Series C+ Preference Amount, Series C Preference Amount, Series B+ Preference Amount, Series B Preference Amount and Series A Preference Amount has been distributed or paid in full to the applicable holders of Series C+ Preferred Shares, Series C Preferred Shares, Series B+ Preferred Shares, Series B Preferred Shares and Series A Preferred Shares, respectively, the remaining assets and funds of the Company available for distribution to the members shall be distributed pro rata among all members based on the number of Ordinary Shares held by such member (including Preferred Shares on

as-converted

basis).

Redemption Right

The Series C+, Series C, Series B+, and Series B Preferred Shares can be redeemed (1) at any time and from time to time commencing on the fifth anniversary of October 1, 2018 (the “Maturity Date”) or on such earlier date as another series of Preferred Shares is redeemable, or (2) upon the occurrence of a material breach of any of the warranties, undertakings or covenants specified under the Series C+ Convertible Redeemable Share Purchase Agreement (the “Series C+ Share Purchase Agreement”) or certain other agreements entered into in connection with the Series C+ Preferred Shares financing, or where the Company fails to deliver the annual financial statements as set forth in the Shareholders Agreement entered into in connection with the Series C+ Preferred Shares financing, or where any arrangement contemplated under certain other agreements identified in the Series C+ Share Purchase Agreement become void as a result of material adverse change of applicable laws or regulations. Upon the occurrence of an event described in (1) or (2) above, each holder of the then outstanding Series C+, Series C, Series B+, and Series B Preferred Shares is entitled to, by written request to the Company, request the Company to redeem all or part of the Series C+, Series C, Series B+, and Series B Preferred Shares then outstanding held by such holder. The redemption request shall be given by hand or by mail to the registered office of the Company at least 60 days prior to the date set forth therein on which the Series C+, Series C, Series B+, or Series B Preferred Shares are to be redeemed.

The Series A Preferred Shares can be redeemed (1) at any time and from time to time commencing on the Maturity Date, if there has not occurred any Qualified IPO, or (2) on such earlier date as another series of Preferred Shares is redeemable. Upon the occurrence of an event described in (1) or (2) above, each holder of the then outstanding Series A Preferred Shares is entitled to, by written request to the Company, request the Company to redeem all or part of the Series A Preferred Shares then outstanding held by such holder. The redemption request shall be given by hand or by mail to the registered office of the Company at least 60 days prior to the date set forth therein on which the Series A Preferred Shares are to be redeemed.

The Maturity Date definition has been modified upon the issuance of Series C Preferred Shares. Previously, the applicable Maturity Date for Series B+, Series B and Series A Preferred Shares was the fifth anniversary of their respective issuance dates.

The redemption price for each Series C+ Preferred Share that is redeemed (the “Series C+ Redemption Price”) shall be (1) in the event of a redemption requested at any time and from time to time commencing on the Maturity Date or on such earlier date as another series of shares is redeemable, an amount equal to 150% of the Series C+ issue price plus all accrued or declared but unpaid dividends on such Series C+ Preferred Share, and (2) in the event of a redemption requested upon the occurrence of a material breach, the greater of (a) an amount equal to 160% of the Series C+ issue price plus all accrued or declared but unpaid dividend on such Series C+ Preferred Share, and (b) the fair market value of the Series C+ Preferred Share determined by an independent third party appraising firm jointly selected by the board of directors and the Series C+ requesting holder.

The redemption price for each Series C Preferred Share that is redeemed (the “Series C Redemption Price”) shall be (1) in the event of a redemption requested at any time and from time to time commencing on the Maturity Date or on such earlier date as another series of shares is redeemable, an amount equal to 150% of the Series C issue price plus all accrued or declared but unpaid dividends on such Series C Preferred Share, and (2) in the event of a redemption requested upon the occurrence of a material breach, the greater of (a) an amount equal to 160% of the Series C issue price plus all accrued or declared but unpaid dividend on such Series C Preferred Share, and (b) the fair market value of the Series C Preferred Share determined by an independent third party appraising firm jointly selected by the board of directors and the Series C requesting holder.

The redemption price for each Series B+ Preferred Share that is redeemed (the “Series B+ Redemption Price”) shall be (1) in the event of a redemption requested at any time and from time to time commencing on the Maturity Date or on such earlier date as another series of shares is redeemable, an amount equal to 150% of the Series B+ issue price plus all accrued or declared but unpaid dividends on such Series B+ Preferred Share, and (2) in the event of a redemption requested upon the occurrence of a material breach, the greater of (a) an amount equal to 160% of the Series B+ issue price plus all accrued or declared but unpaid dividends on such Series B+ Preferred Share, and (b) the fair market value of the Series B+ Preferred Share determined by an independent third party appraising firm jointly selected by the board of directors and the Series B+ requesting holder

The redemption price for each Series B Preferred Share that is redeemed (the “Series B Redemption Price”) shall be (1) in the event of a redemption requested at any time and from time to time commencing on the Maturity Date or on such earlier date as another series of shares is redeemable, an amount equal to 150% of the Series B issue price plus all accrued or declared but unpaid dividends on such Series B Preferred Share, and (2) in the event of a redemption requested upon the occurrence of a material breach, the greater of (a) an amount equal to 160% of the Series B issue price plus all accrued or declared but unpaid dividends on such Series B Preferred Share, and (b) the fair market value of the Series B Preferred Share determined by an independent third party appraising firm jointly selected by the board of directors and the Series B requesting holder.

The redemption price for each Series A Preferred Share redeemed (the “Series A Redemption Price”) shall be the greater of:

(a)

an amount equal to the Series A issue price, plus all accrued or declared but unpaid dividends on such Series A Preferred Share (for a partial year, the dividends shall be calculated proportionally), plus an amount that would accrue on the Series A issue price at a rate of 15% per annum, compounding annually, during the period commencing from December 16, 2013 and ending on the date of the Series A redemption notice, and

(b)

the fair market value of the Series A Preferred Share determined by an independent third party appraising firm selected jointly by the board of directors and the requesting holder, provided however, that any redemption of all or any part of Series A Preferred Shares held by a holder of Series A Preferred Shares at a price determined by an independent third party appraising firm shall not cause any material adverse effect to the Group companies taken as a whole.

Accounting for Preferred Shares

The Company classifies the Preferred Shares as mezzanine equity in the consolidated balance sheets because they are redeemable at the holders’ option any time after a certain date or are contingently redeemable upon the occurrence of certain Deemed Liquidation Events outside of the Company’s control. The Preferred Shares are recorded initially at fair value, net of issuance costs. For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, the issuance costs incurred were nil. The

aggregate

amount of cumulative undeclared dividends in arrears on convertible redeemable preferred shares was US$31.2 million, nil and nil as of December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively. The cumulative undeclared dividends are not recorded in the consolidated balance sheet as the Company does not have the obligation to pay the cumulative dividend before it is declared by the board of directors.

For each reporting period, the Company recorded accretions on the Series C+, C, B+ and B Preferred Shares to the respective redemption value by using the effective interest rate method from the issuance dates to the earliest redemption dates as set forth in the original issuance. For the Series A Preferred Shares, the redemption price is recorded at higher of (1) issuance price with 15% compounding annually and (2) fair value of Series A Preferred Shares on each reporting date.

The accretion is recorded against retained earnings, or in the absence of retained earnings, by charges against additional

paid-in-capital,

or in the absence of additional

paid-in-capital,

by charges to accumulated deficit. The accretion of the Preferred Shares was US$50.7 million, US$193.5 million and nil for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021.

All classes of Preferred Shares of the Company were converted to ordinary shares upon completion of the IPO and CPP (See Note 14 – Ordinary Shares) in June 2020.

The Company’s Preferred Shares activities for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021 are summarized in the following table:


	Series A Preferred Shares						Series B Preferred Shares						Series B+ Preferred Shares						Series C Preferred Shares						Series C+ Preferred Shares						Total
	Number of shares			Amount (US$ thousand)			Number of shares			Amount (US$ thousand)			Number of shares			Amount (US$ thousand)			Number of shares			Amount (US$ thousand)			Number of shares			Amount (US$ thousand)			Amount (US$ thousand)
Balances as of January 1, 2020		55,626,960		$	90,050			50,783,698		$	30,046			26,651,410		$	46,274			34,793,413		$	73,600			—		$	—		$	239,970

Issuance of convertible redeemable preferred shares, net of issuance costs		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			15,062,510			50,000			50,000
Accretion on convertible redeemable preferred shares to redemption value		—			188,085			—			45			—			197			—			3,006			—			2,133			193,466
Conversion of convertible redeemable preferred shares upon completion of the IPO		(55,626,960	)		(278,135	)		(50,783,698	)		(30,091	)		(26,651,410	)		(46,471	)		(34,793,413	)		(76,606	)		(15,062,510	)		(52,133	)		(483,436	)

Balances as of December 31, 2020 and 2021		—		$	—			—		$	—			—		$	—			—		$	—			—		$	—		$	—

Subsequent Events (Details) $ in Millions	Feb. 22, 2022 USD ($)
Subsequent Event \| Common Class A
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Stock repurchased during period value	$ 200

Income Taxes - Reconciliation of Effective Tax Rates (Parenthetical) (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Preferential Tax Rate	15.00%

Income Taxes - Valuation Allowance Activity (Details) - SEC Schedule, 12-09, Valuation Allowance, Deferred Tax Asset - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Deferred Tax Asset, Valuation Allowance [Roll Forward]
Valuation allowance, beginning balance	$ (12,688)	$ (7,727)	$ (4,286)
Addition in current year	(15,725)	(4,961)	(3,441)
Valuation allowance, ending balance	$ (28,413)	$ (12,688)	$ (7,727)

Other Non-current Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Other Non-current Assets

Other

non-current

assets consisted of the following:


	As of December 31,
	2020		2021

	(US$ thousand)
Deferred financing costs	$	—	$	2,289
Long-term deposits		1,024		1,136
Equipment in-transit		470		273
Others		110		221

	$	1,604	$	3,919

Long-term investments - Schedule Of Equity Method Investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]
Equity investments without readily determinable fair value	$ 36,025
Equity method investments	12,704
Debt security	5,196
Long-term Investments	$ 53,925	$ 0	$ 0

Prepayments and Other Current Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Prepayments and Other Current Assets

5.	Prepayments and Other Current Assets

The prepayments and other current assets consisted of the following:


	As of December 31,
	2020		2021

	(US$ thousand)

Prepayments (1)	$	1,772	$	2,820
Interest receivables		1,446		2,674
VAT recoverable (2)		1,353		1,806
Employee loans and advances ( 3 )		2,186		888
Proceeds receivable for employee share option exercises		612		329
Restricted cash		80		130
Others		10		154

	$	7,459	$	8,801

(1)	Prepayments are primarily related to prepayments for services, advertisements and other deposits.

(2)	VAT recoverable represented the balances that the Group can utilize to deduct its VAT liabilities within the next 12 months.

(3)

Leases - Schedule of Future Minimum Payments Under Non-cancellable Operating Leases (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands

Dec. 31, 2021

Dec. 31, 2020

Operating Leases, Future Minimum Payments Due, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]

2021

$ 4,219

$ 2,914

^[1]

2022

3,019

2,317

^[1]

2023

515

1,439

^[1]

2024

^[1]

106

Total

$ 7,409

$ 6,776

^[1]

[1]	Amounts are based on ASC 840, Leases that were superseded upon the Company’s adoption of ASC 842, Leases on January 1, 2021.

Prepayments and Other Current Assets - Schedule of Prepayments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Prepayments	$ 2,820	$ 1,772
Interest receivables	2,674	1,446
VAT recoverable	1,806	1,353
Employee loans and advances	888	2,186
Proceeds receivable for employee share option exercises	329	612
Restricted cash	130	80
Others	154	10
Prepayments and other current assets	$ 8,801	$ 7,459

Principal Accounting Policies - Property and Equipment, Net (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Electronic equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property equipment, useful life	3 years
Furniture, computers and office equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property equipment, useful life	3 years
Network equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property equipment, useful life	3 years
Leasehold Improvements [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, equipment estimated useful ife	Shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life
Software Development [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, equipment estimated useful ife	5
Software Development [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, equipment estimated useful ife	3

Leases (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of Lease, Cost


	As of December 31, 2021
	(US$ thousand)
Weighted-average remaining lease term
Operating leases		2.0 years
Weighted-average discount rate
Operating leases		5.1	%

Schedule of Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Maturity

Maturities of lease liabilities were as follows:


	As of December 31, 2021
	(US$ thousand)
2022	$	4,219
2023		3,019
2024		515

Total undiscounted lease payments		7,753
Less: imputed interest		(344	)

Total prese nt value of lease liabilitie s	$	7,409

Schedule of Future Minimum Payments Under Non-cancellable Operating Leases


	Operating Leases *
	(US$ thousand)
2021	$	2,914
2022		2,317
2023		1,439
2024		106

	$	6,776

*	Amounts are based on ASC 840, Leases that were superseded upon the Company’s adoption of ASC 842, Leases on January 1, 2021.

Employee Benefits

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Employee Benefits

16.	Employee Benefits

The full-time employees of the Company’s subsidiaries and the VIEs that are incorporated in the PRC are entitled to staff welfare benefits including medical insurance, basic pensions, unemployment insurance, work injury insurance, maternity insurance and housing funds. These companies are required to contribute to these benefits based on certain percentages of the employees’ salaries in accordance with the relevant regulations and charge the amount contributed to these benefits to the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. The total amounts charged to the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss for such employee benefits amounted to US$4.6 million, US$4.7 million and US$15.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively. The PRC government is responsible for the welfare and medical benefits and ultimate pension liability to these employees.

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

12.	Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following:


	As of December 31,
	2020		2021

	(US$ thousand)

Accrued salary and social welfare costs	$	14,008	$	26,994
Liability classified awards for share-based compensation (Note 15)		3,950		5,852
Payable for long-term investments		—		5,490
Payables for acquisition (Note 3)		2,000		4,603
Payables for compensation costs in relation to an acquisition		—		3,500
Payables for def er red financing cost s		—		2,234
Accrued professional service fees		988		992
Accrued staff reimbursements		508		678
Accrued office expense		428		668
Accrued recruitment service fees		299		392
Accrued advertising and marketing fees		567		342
Share option deposit held on behalf of employees		262		134
Accrued rental fees		237		—
Others		679		1,155

	$	23,926	$	53,034

Other Non-current Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Other Non-current Assets

7.	Other Non-current Assets

Other

non-current

assets consisted of the following:


	As of December 31,
	2020		2021

	(US$ thousand)
Deferred financing costs	$	—	$	2,289
Long-term deposits		1,024		1,136
Equipment in-transit		470		273
Others		110		221

	$	1,604	$	3,919

Property and Equipment, Net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment, Net

6.	Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following:


	As of December 31,
	2020			2021

	(US$ thousand)
Cost:
Network equipment	$	19,901		$	27,804
Electronic equipment		2,232			3,324
Leasehold improvements		1,950			2,755
Furniture, computers and office equipment		874			1,064

Total cost		24,957			34,947
Less: accumulated depreciation		(8,203	)		(16,879	)
Capitalized internal-use software development costs		—			844
Construction in progress		—			282

Property and equipment, ne t	$	16,754		$	19,194

Depreciation expense recognized for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021 were US$1.9 million, US$4.5 million and US$8.3 million, respectively.

Income Taxes - Reconciliation of Effective Tax Rates (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Statutory income tax rate	25.00%	25.00%	25.00%
Permanent differences	1.09%	124.93%	9.07%
Tax rate difference from statutory rate in other jurisdictions	0.82%	30.23%	12.70%
Change in valuation allowance	(21.89%)	(191.36%)	(64.00%)
Effect of tax holiday	(6.00%)	(10.78%)	2.34%
Others	(0.19%)	(0.03%)	(0.01%)
Effective tax rate	(1.17%)	(22.01%)	(14.90%)

Income Taxes - Current and Deferred Income Tax Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Current income tax expense	$ 601	$ 184	$ 1,137
Deferred income tax expense (tax benefit)	239	378	(336)
Income taxes	$ 840	$ 562	$ 801

- Definition

Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.

+ References + Details

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Parenthetical) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Series C Plus Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock [Member]
Payments of stock issuance costs	$ 0

Share-based Compensation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Share-based Compensation

15.	Share-based Compensation

Compensation expenses recognized for share-based awards of the Company were as follows:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2020		2021

	(US$ thousand)

Cost of revenues	$	80	$	357	$	879
Research and development expenses		1,473		5,312		19,737
Sales and marketing expenses		1,654		2,061		4,843
General and administrative expenses		1,046		4,244		6,022

	$	4,253	$	11,974	$	31,481

Compensation expenses recognized for different awards were summarized as below:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2020		2021

	(US$ thousand)

Equity award – share options (1) ( 4)	$	2,179	$	7,192	$	16,672
Equity award – restricted shares (2)(3)		981		1,193		3,385
Equity award – restricted share units		—		136		5,588
Liability award – share options		960		—		—
Liability award – restricted shares		133		—		—
Liability award – Venture Partners Plan		—		3,453		5,836

	$	4,253	$	11,974	$	31,481

(1)	Including share options granted to employees as part of post-combination compensation of nil, nil and US$5.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively.

(2)	Including restricted shares granted by the Founder for equity classified award of US$0.8 million, US$0.9 million and US$0.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively.

(3)	Including restricted shares granted to employees as part of post-combination compensation of nil, US$0.3 million and US$2.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively.

(4)	Including an incremental $0.7 million of share-based compensation associated with the modification of the awards of an employee during 2021, where a portion of the employee’s options vesting was accelerated.

The income tax benefit recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss for share-based compensation expenses is immaterial and the Company did not capitalize any of the share-based compensation expenses as part of the cost of any assets for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively.

Equity Incentive Plans

On August 8, 2014, the board of directors of the Company adopted the Company’s 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (“2014 Plan”) and reserved 20,000,000 ordinary shares for issuance under share options to be granted to employees, directors and consultants of the Group in its U.S. and PRC operations.

Before the Corporate Reorganization plan was formed and implemented, the Group intended to use Agora IO, Inc. as the issuer in connection with the Group’s initial public offering. As such, in January 2019, the board of directors of Agora IO, Inc. approved and adopted the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (“2018 Plan”) to provide incentives to employees, directors and consultants of the Group and reserved 25,740,835 ordinary shares for issuance under share options to be granted under the 2018 Plan. The terms of the 2018 Plan adopted by Agora IO, Inc. are substantively the same as the terms of the 2014 Plan adopted by the Company and the 2014 Plan was not terminated. However, in December 2019, management decided to instead use the Company as the issuer in connection with the Group’s initial public offering and in January 2020, as part of the Corporate Reorganization, the Company assumed from Agora IO, Inc., each option granted under the 2018 Plan. As a result, the options to purchase shares of Agora IO, Inc. granted under the 2018 Plan became options to purchase shares of the Company, and the Company otherwise assumed the same obligations and duties in respect of such options while maintaining their respective terms and vesting schedules. This replacement of awards did not have any accounting consequence. The Company’s board of directors also resolved to amend the 2014 Plan to provide that the maximum number of shares of the Company which may be subject to awards granted under the 2014 Plan would be 34,613,165 ordinary shares minus the aggregate of (x) any shares issued pursuant to awards granted under the 2018 Plan prior to shareholder approval of the amendment and (y) any shares subject to share options or similar awards granted under the 2018 Plan outstanding as of the date of shareholder approval of the amendment.

At the end of June 2020, the board of directors approved and the Company adopted the Global Equity Incentive Plan (“Global Plan”). The terms of the Global Plan adopted by the Company are substantively the same as the terms of the 2018 Plan and 2014 Plan, which allows for the grant of nonstatutory share options, share appreciation rights, restricted shares, restricted share units, and performance awards to employees, directors and consultants and parent and subsidiary corporations’ employees and consultants. The 2014 Plan and 2018 Plan will continue to govern the outstanding awards thereunder, while new award grants will be subject to the terms of the Global Plan.

Options have

a contractual term of ten years from the grant date, and will generally vest over a period of two to ten years of continuous service.

As at the end of December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, the Company’s total outstanding granted options to the employees, directors and consultants are to purchase 38,011,964, 39,614,883 and 32,708,847 of ordinary shares, respectively. Among all the options granted, a portion of the awards to three key employees (a defined percentage of their respective grants) were with repurchase obligation by the Company that these holders can request the Company to purchase back their share options upon unsuccessful IPO or acquisition by another company by December 31, 2018 at the fair market value on the request date. This repurchase clause is provided only within the option grant agreements to these three employees with specified amounts to incentivize them with special contributions to the business. Therefore, the portion of the awards subject to the repurchase obligation are liability-classified awards.

In April 2019, the Company repurchased a portion of share options subject to repurchase obligation from the three key employees with a total consideration of US$1.6 million. The repurchase right was also waived and terminated by the grantees for the remaining portion, if any, of the awards originally subject to repurchase. Accordingly, the classification of the liability-classified awards for the unexercised portion changed back to be equity- classified, and the related share-based award liability was reclassified to additional

paid-in

capital on the modification date. There was no other accounting impact as a result of the repurchase and termination of repurchase right on remaining portion. The Company recognized an additional compensation expense of US$0.8 million for the excess amount of repurchase price over fair value of liability-classified awards on the repurchase date for the year ended December 31, 2019.

The following table summarizes activities of the Company’s share options for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021:

Equity Classified Share Options


	Number of Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life		Aggregate Intrinsic Value		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
				(US$)		In Years		(US$)		(US$)
Outstanding at January 1, 2019		33,660,957			0.11		7.91		19,994,575		0.23

Granted		5,087,648			0.24						0.86
Forfeited		(787,425	)		0.13
Reclassified from liability award		50,784			0.10

Outstanding at December 31, 2019		38,011,964			0.12		7.22		51,303,638		0.31

Granted		9,941,500			0.19						3.16
Exercised		(7,632,431	)		0.12				43,000,715
Forfeited		(706,150	)		0.16

Outstanding at December 31, 2020		39,614,883			0.17		8.23		466,460,320		1.08
Granted (1)		8,799,568			0.09						7.07
Exercised		(14,235,844	)		0.12				128,514,032
Forfeited		(1,469,760	)		0.13

Outstanding at December 31, 2021		32,708,847			0.14		7.04		127,168,263		2.78
Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2021		17,948,942			0.13		5.21		69,501,801		0.71

Exercisable at December 31, 2021		17,948,942			0.13		5.21		69,501,801		0.71

(1)

Liability Classified Share Options


	Number of Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life		Aggregate Intrinsic Value		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
				(US$)		In Years		(US$)		(US$)
Outstanding at January 1, 2019		1,150,784			0.10		5.97	$	689,258		0.07
Granted		—			—
Repurchased		(1,100,000	)		0.10		5.67		818,845		0.07
Forfeited		—			—
Reclassified to equity classified award		(50,784	)		0.10		6.81		37,804		0.10

Outstanding at December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021		—			—

The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the options and the estimated fair value of the underlying shares of US$51.3 million, US$466.5 million and US$127.2 million at December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively.

The total fair value of share options vested during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021 was US$2.3 million, US$4.9 million and US$12.0 million, respectively. The share-based compensation expenses in relation to the share option recognized for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021 were US$3.1 million, US$7.2 million and US$16.7 million, respectively.

As of December 31, 2020 and 2021, there were US$31.0

million and US$

71.4

million of unrecognized share-based compensation expenses related to share options granted by the Company, which were expected to be recognized over a weighted-average vesting period of

1.5

and

2.4

years, respectively.


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2020			2021
Exercise price		US$0.10 - US$0.50			US$0.10 - US$1.74			US$0.10
Fair value of the ordinary shares on the date of option grant		US$0.3493 - US$1.4751			US$0.8415 - US$8.9816			US$6.4850 - US$11.5675
Risk-free interest rate (1)		2.54% - 2.83	%		0.28% - 1.46	%		1.28% - 1.91%
Expected term (in years)		10			10			10
Expected dividend yield (2)		0	%		0	%		0%
Expected volatility (3)		49.18% - 50.01	%		42.39% - 59.65	%		54.16% - 56.70%
Expected forfeiture rate (post-vesting)		3	%		3	%		3 %

(1)	The risk-free interest rate of periods within the contractual life of the share option is based on the market yield of the U.S. treasury bonds with a maturity life equal to the expected life to expiration.

(2)	The Company has no history or expectation of paying dividends on its ordinary shares.

(3)	Expected volatility is estimated based on the average of historical volatilities of the comparable companies in the same industry as at the valuation dates.

Restricted Shares

Granted by the Company

On December 16, 2013, the Company’s board of directors issued 30,800,000, 15,000,000 and 77,000,000 ordinary shares subject to certain restrictions to VoiceCrew Holdings Limited, management personnel and Sounds of Nature Limited, respectively. The 15,000,000 ordinary shares were held by VoiceCrew Holdings Limited on behalf of the management personnel. VoiceCrew Holdings Limited and Sounds of Nature Limited are both entities controlled by the Founder.

The restricted shares to the Founder-controlled entities and 5,000,000 of the restricted shares to the management personnel were released in accordance with the following schedule: (1) 25% of such restricted shares to the Founder shall be released from the restriction on the first anniversary of December 16, 2013; and (2) the remaining restricted shares shall be released in 36 equal monthly installments commencing from the first anniversary of the December 16, 2013, provided that in each case that the holder remains as an employee on a continuing full time basis of any Group entity as of the date of such respective release.

10 million of the restricted shares to the management personnel shall be released in accordance with the following schedule: (1) 25% of such restricted shares shall be released from the restriction on the first anniversary from November 7, 2014; and (2) the remaining restricted shares shall be released in 36 equal monthly installments commencing on November 7, 2015, as long as each holder remained a continuing full-time employee of any Group entity as of the date of such respective release

On May 18, 2017, the Company entered into an amended restricted shares agreement with VoiceCrew Limited, Soundscape Limited and the management personnel to extend the releasing period for unvested shares to be released monthly over another three years from May 18, 2017, provided that in each case the holder remains as an employee on a continuing full time basis of any Group entity as of the date of such respective release.

In connection with the Historical Reorganization and the Corporate Reorganization, the above mentioned restricted shares were swapped to Agora IO, Inc. in December 2014, and swapped back to the Company in January 2020. There were no changes to the terms and conditions of the restricted shares arrangement and hence there was no accounting impact.

Among all the shares granted to the management personnel, a portion of the awards totaling 500,000 shares contained repurchase obligations by the Company such that a holder could request the Company to repurchase their share options upon an unsuccessful IPO or acquisition by another company by December 31, 2018 at the fair market value on the request date. This repurchase clause was provided within the restricted shares agreement to this group of management personnel to incentivize special contributions to the business and therefore the portion of the awards subject to the repurchase obligation were liability-classified awards.

In April 2019, the Company repurchased 100,000 restricted shares subject to repurchase obligation but already vested by then from the management personnel for a total consideration of US$0.1 million. The repurchase right was also waived and terminated by the grantee for the remaining 400,000 shares originally subject to repurchase. Accordingly, the classification of the liability-classified awards for the

un-repurchased

portion changed back to be equity-classified, and the share-based award liability related to unvested restricted shares were reclassified to additional

paid-in

capital on the modification date. There was no other accounting impact as a result of the repurchase and termination of repurchase right on remaining portion. The Company recognized an additional compensation expense of US$0.1 million for the excess amount of repurchase price over fair value of liability-classified awards on the repurchase date for the year ended December 31, 2019.

The following table summarizes the restricted shares activities:

Equity Classified Restricted Shares


	Numbers of Shares			Weighted-average Grant Date Fair Value
				(US$)
Outstanding at January 1, 2019		9,450,348			0.02
Granted		—			—
Reclassified from liability classified restricted shares		26,042			0.02
Vested		(6,670,834	)		0.02

Outstanding at December 31, 2019		2,805,556			0.02

Granted (1)		512,782			10.16
Vested		(2,805,556	)		0.02

Outstanding at December 31, 2020		512,782			10.16

Granted		—			—
Vested		—			—

Outstanding at December 31, 2021		512,782			10.16

(1)

During 2020, the Company granted shares to employees that joined the Company following the business combination (Note 3) as well as a related party who was a previous shareholder in Netless (Note 2

Liability Classified Restricted Shares


	Numbers of Shares			Weighted-average Grant Date Fair Value
				(US$)
Outstanding at January 1, 2019		88,542			0.02
Granted		—			—
Vested		(62,500	)		0.02
Reclassified to equity classified restricted shares		(26,042	)		0.02

Outstanding at December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021		—

The share-based compensation expenses in relation to the restricted shares granted by the Company recognized for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021 were US$0.3 million, US$0.3 million and US$2.7 million, respectively.

As of December 31, 2020 and 2021, there were US$4.9 million and US$2.2

million of unrecognized share-based compensation expenses related to restricted shares, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.0 and 1.5 years, respectively.

Granted by the Founder

From the years of 2015 to 2019, the Founder further granted his restricted shares that were vested from VoiceCrew Limited to select management employees of the Group. Restricted shares agreements were signed with the management employees in consideration of their continuing employment with the Group.

The restricted shares to the management employees will be further released over a period of four years of continuous service, 25% of which vest upon the first anniversary of the stated vesting commencement date and the remaining vest ratably over the following 36 months.

The share-based compensation expenses in relation to the restricted shares granted by the Founder recognized for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021 were US$0.8 million, US$0.9 million and US$0.7 million, respectively.

Restricted Share Units

Granted by the Company

A restricted share unit (“RSU”) generally vest over a period of two to six years of continuous service. The following table summarizes the RSU activities:


	Numbers of Shares			Weighted-average Grant Date Fair Value
				(US$)
Outstanding at January 1, 2019 and 2020		—		$	—
Granted		263,621			10.30
Vested		—			—
Outstanding at December 31, 2020		263,621			10.30

Granted		4,106,498			7.10
Vested		(384,585	)		8.84
Forfeited		(33,004	)		10.09

Outstanding at December 31, 2021		3,952,530			7.12

The share-based compensation expenses in relation to the restricted share units granted by the Company recognized for the year ended December 31,

2019,

2020 and 2021 was

nil

US$0.1 million and US$5.6 million.

As of December 31, 2020 and 2021, there were US$2.6 million and US$25.8 million unrecognized share-based compensation expenses related to restricted

share units,

which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.8 and 4.4 years.

Venture Partners Plan

In November 2020, the Company adopted and board of directors approved the Venture Partners Plan (“VPP Program”) as a complement to the current bonus and equity incentive plans.

Under the VPP Program, the Company grants VPPs to employees, consultants and directors to participate in the program; the VPPs will be converted to and paid out in cash or settled in shares at the discretion of the Company. The VPP Program is administered by the compensation committee of the board of directors or any personnel appointed by the compensation committee (“administrator”). The administrator has the authority and discretion necessary or appropriate to administer the VPP Program and to control its operation, including determining the adjusted profits for each performance year which will be allocated as the annual shared profit and the accumulated retained profit (if any), determining the method and timing of settlement. The compensation committee of the board of directors may, at any time, amend, alter, suspend or terminate the VPP Program.

The VPP Program stipulates that a participant is entitled to the annual shared profit contingent on their service through the annual performance period, while their receipt of the accumulated retained profit (if any) is contingent on their employment through the date of payment. While the annual shared profit is typically settled in the year following the performance year, the accumulated retained profit will be settled at a future period that is determined by the administrator.

For the year ended in December 31, 2020, share-based compensation expenses in relation to the program for the 2020 performance year was US$3.5 million, which represents the estimated liability that is expected to be settled. As of December 31, 2021, the liability awards for the 2020 performance year have been fully settled in the form of share options with a zero dollar exercise price that vested immediately upon the settlement date. For the year ended December 31, 2021, US$5.8 million share-based compensation expenses

was

recorded in relation to the program for the 2021 performance year, and there

nil estimated unrecognized share-based compensation expenses related to the 2021 program.

Principal Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Sep. 30, 2020

Dec. 31, 2021

Dec. 31, 2020

Dec. 31, 2019

Jan. 01, 2021

Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]

Cash equivalents

$ 0

$ 10,000.0

Impairment Losses, Investments

626,000

$ 0

Impairment of long-lived assets (excluding goodwill)

Impairment of long-lived assets

Deferred offering costs

$ 2,300

Value added tax rate

6.00%

Advances from customers

$ 9,068,000

1,339,000

Contract with customer, liability, revenue recognized

700,000

900,000

600,000

Marketing and advertising costs

3,200,000

1,600,000

1,200,000

Deferred tax liabilities, uncertain tax positions

$ 0

Dividends

$ 0

Number of operating segments

Number of reportable segments

Right-of-use asset

$ 7,436,000

Operating lease, liability

$ 7,409,000

6,776,000

^[1]

Measurement period

1 year

Goodwill

$ 56,142,000

3,089,000

Contract with customer, Asset after allowance for credit loss

1,000,000.0

Short-term Investments [Member]

Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]

Impairment Losses, Investments

$ 0

Accounting Standards Update 2016-02

Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]

Right-of-use asset

$ 6,500,000

Operating lease, liability

$ 6,500,000

Agora [Member]

Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]

Goodwill

3,100,000

$ 3,100,000

Easemob [Member]

Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]

Goodwill

$ 53,000,000.0

No Individual Customer | Revenue Benchmark | Customer Concentration Risk [Member]

Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]

Concentration risk, percentage

10.00%

Minimum

Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]

Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life

3 years

Maximum

Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]

Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life

5 years

[1]	Amounts are based on ASC 840, Leases that were superseded upon the Company’s adoption of ASC 842, Leases on January 1, 2021.

Accounts Receivable, Net -Schedule of Movement of Allowance of Doubtful Accounts (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

^[1]

Dec. 31, 2020

Dec. 31, 2019

Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]

At beginning of the period

$ (1,535)

$ (1,036)

$ (367)

Additional provisions

(4,828)

(1,365)

(780)

Write-off

921

100

Foreign currency translation impact

(70)

(55)

At end of the period

$ (6,336)

$ (1,535)

^[1]

$ (1,036)

[1]	The allowance for current expected credit losses reflects the Company’s estimated probable incurred losses upon adoption of ASC 326. See Note 2(j) for the Company’s CECL policy.

Business acquisition - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
	Feb. 28, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Nov. 27, 2020
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Amortization of intangible assets		$ 1,933	$ 0	$ 0
Netless
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business acquisition, percentage of voting interests acquired					100.00%
Total purchase consideration					$ 4,000
Acquisition Of Easemob [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business acquisition, percentage of voting interests acquired	100.00%
Total purchase consideration	$ 53,400
Acquisition Of Easemob [Member] \| Customer Relationships [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Intangible assets, net	$ 4,200
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life	3 years
Acquisition Of Easemob [Member] \| Customer Relationships [Member] \| Selling and Marketing Expense [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Amortization of intangible assets		1,200
Acquisition Of Easemob [Member] \| Customer Relationships [Member] \| General and Administrative Expense [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Amortization of intangible assets		700
Acquisition Of Easemob [Member] \| Developed Technology [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Intangible assets, net		$ 4,000
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life		5 years
Acquisition Of Easemob [Member] \| Developed Technology [Member] \| Selling and Marketing Expense [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Amortization of intangible assets		$ 1,200
Acquisition Of Easemob [Member] \| Developed Technology [Member] \| General and Administrative Expense [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Amortization of intangible assets		$ 700

Taxes Payable

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Taxes Payable

11.	Taxes Payable

Taxes payable consisted of the following:


	As of December 31,
	2020		2021
	(US$ thousand)
Individual income tax withholding	$	330	$	2,118
VAT payable		1,182		299
Corporate income taxes payable		626		1
Other taxes payable		33		17

	$	2,171	$	2,435

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Accrued salary and social welfare costs	$ 26,994	$ 14,008
Liability classified awards for share-based compensation (Note 16)	5,852	3,950
Payable for long-term investments	5,490	0
Payables for acquisition (Note 3)	4,603	2,000
Payables for compensation costs in relation to an acquisition	3,500	0
Payables for deferred financing costs	2,234	0
Accrued professional service fees	992	988
Accrued staff reimbursements	678	508
Accrued office expense	668	428
Accrued recruitment service fee	392	299
Accrued advertising and marketing fees	342	567
Share option deposit held on behalf of employees	134	262
Accrued rental fees	0	237
Others	1,155	679
Total	$ 53,034	$ 23,926

Principal Accounting Policies - Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	$ 167,982	$ 133,564	$ 64,428
PRC
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	117,944	107,092	50,584
United States
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	17,281	10,019	5,296
Others
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	$ 32,757	$ 16,453	$ 8,548

- Definition

Amount, excluding tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added and excise.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 30
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123359005&loc=d3e8906-108599

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 40
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123359005&loc=d3e9031-108599

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 41
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123359005&loc=d3e9038-108599

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123359005&loc=d3e8933-108599

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123359005&loc=d3e8933-108599

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 4
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123351226&loc=SL49130543-203045

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 22
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123359005&loc=d3e8736-108599

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 22
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123359005&loc=d3e8736-108599

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 42
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123359005&loc=d3e9054-108599

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 5
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123351226&loc=SL49130545-203045

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 924
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.L)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6472922&loc=d3e499488-122856

+ Details

Accounts Receivable, Net - Accounts Receivable Activity (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands

Dec. 31, 2021

Dec. 31, 2020

Dec. 31, 2019

Dec. 31, 2018

Receivables [Abstract]

Accounts receivable

$ 38,955

$ 29,375

Less: allowance for current expected credit losses

(6,336)

^[1]

(1,535)

^[1]

$ (1,036)

$ (367)

Accounts receivable, net

$ 32,619

$ 27,840

[1]	The allowance for current expected credit losses reflects the Company’s estimated probable incurred losses upon adoption of ASC 326. See Note 2(j) for the Company’s CECL policy.

Leases - Schedule of Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Maturity (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands

Dec. 31, 2021

Dec. 31, 2020

^[1]

Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payment, Due [Abstract]

2022

$ 4,219

$ 2,914

2023

3,019

2,317

2024

515

1,439

Total undiscounted lease payments

7,753

Less: imputed interest

(344)

Total present value of lease liabilities

$ 7,409

$ 6,776

[1]	Amounts are based on ASC 840, Leases that were superseded upon the Company’s adoption of ASC 842, Leases on January 1, 2021.

Accounts Receivable, Net (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Receivables [Abstract]

Schedule of Accounts Receivable Activity


	As of December 31,
	2020			2021 (1)

	(US$ thousand)
Accounts receivable	$	29,375		$	38,955
Less: allowance for current e x pected credi t losses		(1,535	)		(6,336	)

Accounts receivable, net	$	27,840		$	32,619

Schedule of Movement of Allowance of Doubtful Accounts

Movement of allowance for credit losses was as follows:


	As of December 31,
	2019			2020			2021 (1)

	(US$ thousand)
At beginning of the period	$	(367	)	$	(1,036	)	$	(1,535	)
Additional provisions		(780	)		(1,365	)		(4,828	)
Write-off		100			921			97
Foreign currency translation impact		11			(55	)		(70	)

At end of the period	$	(1,036	)	$	(1,535	)	$	(6,336	)

(1)	The allowance for current expected credit losses reflects the Company’s estimated probable incurred losses upon adoption of ASC 326. See Note 2(j) for the Company’s CECL policy.

Subsequent Events

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

21.	Subsequent Events

On February 2

, 2022, the Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program under which the Company may repurchase up to US$200 million of its Class A ordinary shares in the form of American depositary shares over the next 12 months, subject to relevant rules under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Agora’s insider trading policy. The share repurchases may be made from time to time in the open market at prevailing market prices, in privately negotiated transactions, in block trades and/or through other legally permissible means, depending on market conditions and in accordance with applicable rules and regulations. The Board will review the share repurchase program periodically and may authorize adjustment of its terms and size or suspend or discontinue the program. The Company expects to fund repurchases made under this program from its existing cash balance.

Taxes Payable (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Taxes Payable

Taxes payable consisted of the following:


	As of December 31,
	2020		2021
	(US$ thousand)
Individual income tax withholding	$	330	$	2,118
VAT payable		1,182		299
Corporate income taxes payable		626		1
Other taxes payable		33		17

	$	2,171	$	2,435

Organization and Nature of Operations (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Summary of principal subsidiaries and VIEs

The Company’s principal subsidiaries and VIEs as of December 31, 2019 and 2020 and 2021 are as follows:


	Date of Incorporation	Place of Incorporation	Percentage of Direct or Indirect Ownership	Principal Activities
Subsidiaries:
Agora Lab, Inc.	January 13, 2014	California, United States	100%	Provision of services
Agora IO, Inc	December 2, 2014	Cayman Islands	100%	Investment holding
Agora IO Hongkong Limited	December 12, 2014	Hong Kong	100%	Investment holding
Dayin Network Technology Co., Ltd. (“Dayin”)	April 30, 2015	PRC	100%	Provision of services
Shanghai Jiyin Network Technology Co., Ltd. (“Jiyin”)	May 26, 2020	PRC	100%	Provision of services
Agora.IO Ltd	July 25, 2019	United Kingdom	100%	Startup
Agora IO Singapore PTE. Ltd.	November 4, 2020	Singapore	100%	Provision of services
Beijing Yizhang Yunfeng Technology Co., Ltd (“Beijing Easemob”)	April 27. 2013	PRC	100%	Provision of services
VIEs:
Shanghai Zhaoyan Network Technology Co., Ltd. (“Zhaoyan”)	March 28, 2014	PRC	100%	Provision of services
Beijing Zhonghuan Chuanyin Technology Co., Ltd. (“Zhonghuan”)	April 22, 2020	PRC	100%	Provision of services

Schedule of financial information of the VIEs After Intercompany transactions eliminations


	As of December 31,
	2020		2021

	(US$ thousand)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	2,362	$	2,786
Short-term investments		12,414		7,547
Accounts receivable, net		23,558		24,625
Amounts due from related parties		2,090		10,109
Prepayments and other current assets		2,704		1,259

Total current assets		43,128		46,326

Non-current assets:
Property and equipment, net		8,951		7,639
Deferred tax assets		511		—
Long-term investments		—		16,919
Operating lease right-of-use assets		—		766
Intangible a ssets		—		231
Other non-current assets		205		312

Total non-current assets		9,667		25,867

Total assets	$	52,795	$	72,193

Liabilities
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable		5,337		3,751
Amounts due to related parties		34,198		44,394
Advances from customers		1,113		1,491
Taxes payable		254		241
Current operating lease liabilities		—		459
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		5,035		15,721

Total current liabilities		45,937		66,057

Non-current liabilities:
Long term payable		—		228
Long-term operating lease liabilities		—		305
Deferred tax liabilities		—		43

Total non-current liabilities		—		576

Total liabilities	$	45,937	$	66,633


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2020		2021
	(US$ thousand)

Total revenues		57,445		115,831		114,617
Net income (loss)		225		1,247		(5,660	)


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2020			2021
	(US$ thousand)

Net cash and cash equivalents generated from operating activities		9,390			3,918			15,740
Net cash and cash equivalents used in investing activities		(998	)		(18,865	)		(15,316	)

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of the significant judgments and assumptions made in determining whether a variable interest (as defined) held by the entity requires the variable interest entity (VIE) (as defined) to be consolidated and (or) disclose information about its involvement with the VIE, individually or in aggregate (as applicable); the nature of restrictions, if any, on the consolidated VIE's assets and on the settlement of its liabilities reported by an entity in its statement of financial position, including the carrying amounts of such assets and liabilities; the nature of, and changes in, the risks associated with involvement in the VIE; how involvement with the VIE affects the entity's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows; the lack of recourse if creditors (or beneficial interest holders) of the consolidated VIE have no recourse to the general credit of the primary beneficiary (if applicable); the terms of arrangements, giving consideration to both explicit arrangements and implicit variable interests, if any, that could require the entity to provide financial support to the VIE, including events or circumstances that could expose the entity to a loss; the methodology used by the entity for determining whether or not it is the primary beneficiary of the variable interest entity; the significant factors considered and judgments made in determining that the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance are shared (as defined); the carrying amounts and classification of assets and liabilities of the VIE included in the statement of financial position; the entity's maximum exposure to loss, if any, as a result of its involvement with the VIE, including how the maximum exposure is determined and significant sources of the entity's exposure to the VIE; a comparison of the carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities and the entity's maximum exposure to loss; information about any liquidity arrangements, guarantees, and (or) other commitments by third parties that may affect the fair value or risk of the entity's variable interest in the VIE; whether or not the entity has provided financial support or other support (explicitly or implicitly) to the VIE that it was not previously contractually required to provide or whether the entity intends to provide that support, including the type and amount of the support and the primary reasons for providing the support; and supplemental information the entity determines necessary to provide.

+ References + Details

Intangible Assets, Net (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Intangible Assets

Intangible asset is comprised of following:


			2021								2020
	Weighted average amortization period		Cost		Accumulated Amortization				Net		Cost		Accumulated Amortization				Net
	(in years)		(US$ thousand)
Developed technology (Note 3)	5	$		4,169	$	(705	)	$		3,464	$	213	$	(4	)	$		209
Customer relationships (Note 3)	3			4,172		(1,159	)			3,013		—		—				—
Others	5			335		(115	)			220		—		—				—

Total	4	$		8,676	$	(1,979	)	$		6,697	$	213	$	(4	)	$		209

Principal Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Principal Accounting Policies

2.	Principal Accounting Policies

(a)

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).

Principal accounting policies followed by the Company in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements are summarized below.

(b)

Basis of Consolidation

(c)

Use of Estimates

(d)

Functional Currencies and Foreign Currency Translation

Transactions denominated in other than the functional currencies are

re-measured

into the functional currency of the entity at the exchange rates prevailing on the transaction dates. Financial assets and liabilities denominated in other than the functional currency are

re-measured

at the balance sheet date exchange rate. The resulting exchange differences are recorded in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss as foreign exchange related gain or loss.

(e)

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Group to concentration of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and accounts receivable.

The following table summarizes customers with greater than 10% of the accounts receivables:


	December 31, 2020			December 31 2021
Customer A — Social media platform		12	%		*
Customer B — Educational institution application		*			16	%

*	Less than 10%

No individual customer accounted for more than 10% of net revenues for the years ended December 31, 2019

2020 and 2021.

(f)

Fair Value Measurements

•

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•

Level 2: Observable, market-based inputs, other than quoted prices, in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•

Level 3: Unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

non-recurring

Short-term investments in

financial

products are categorized as Level 2 under the fair value hierarchy and their fair values are based on quoted prices or other observable inputs in active markets.

yield-to-maturity

discount rate. These unobservable inputs and resulting fair value estimates may be affected by unexpected changes in future market or economic conditions.

The following table sets forth the Group’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized using the fair value hierarchy:


	As of December 31, 2021
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Balance at Fair value
	(US$ thousand)
Short-term investments — financial products issued by banks		—		20,168		—		20,168
Long-term investment - debt security		—		—		5,196		5,196

As of December 31, 2020

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Balance
at Fair
value

(US$ thousand)

Short-term investments — financial products issued by banks

—

24,046

—

24,046

The following table provides information about the reconciliation of the Level 3 fair value measurement of available-for-sale debt securities for the periods indicated:


	US$ thousand
Fair value of Level 3 investments as at December 31, 2019 and 2020		—
New addition		5,000
Interest income and change in fair value of the investments		196

Fair value of Level 3 investments as at December 31, 2021		5,196


Selected P/S ratio		9.96x
Discount rate		12%
Probability of exit events		Liquidation scenario: 20% Redemption scenario: 40% IPO scenario: 40%
Lack of marketability discount		22%

(g)

Cash and Cash Equivalents

in the consolidated balance sheets, respectively.

(h)

Restricted Cash

(i)

Short-term Investments

Short-term investments are comprised of (i) money market funds,

(ii) held-to-maturity

(j)

Accounts Receivable, net

Accounts receivable are stated at the amount management expects to collect from customers based on their outstanding invoices.

Prior to January 1, 2021, the Company monitors the collection of its receivables and records allowance for specifically identified

non-recoverable

(k)

Property and Equipment, net

The estimated useful lives of property and equipment are as follows:


		Estimated Useful Lives
Electronic equipment		3 years
Furniture, computers and office equipment		3 years
Network equipment		3 years
Leasehold improvements		Shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life
Capitalized software		3-5 years

(l)

Long-term investments

The Company’s long-term investments include equity investments accounted for using the measurement alternative, debt securities and equity investments accounted for using the equity method.

(m)

Business combinations

(n)

Goodwill and intangible assets

Intangible assets

Goodwill

comprehensive loss.

Additionally, the Company’s policy is to update the fair value calculation of its reporting units and perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test on a periodic basis.

As of December 31, 2021, the carrying amount of goodwill for Agora and Easemob was $3.1 million and $53.0 million, respectively.

(o)

Impairment of long-lived assets other than goodwill

(p)

Leases

Prior to the adoption of ASC 842 on January 1, 2021

Upon and hereafter the adoption of ASC 842 on January 1, 2021

On January 1, 2021, the Company adopted ASU

2016-02,

right-of-use

assets on the balance sheet and to provide enhanced disclosures surrounding the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leasing arrangements.

right-of-use

As a result of the adoption, the Company recognized approximately $6.5 million of operating lease

right-of-use

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease or contains a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease

right-of-use

(“ROU”) assets, operating lease liability, and operating lease liability,

non-current

in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

The Company has elected to adopt the following lease policies in conjunction with the adoption of ASU

2016-02:

(i) elect for each lease not to separate

non-lease

components from lease components and instead to account for each separate lease component and the

non-lease

(q)

Advances from Customers

)—Revenue Recognition.

(r)

Deferred Financing Costs

The Company capitalizes certain legal, professional accounting and other third-party fees that are directly associated with

in-process

paid-in

capital generated as a result of the financing. Should the

in-process

equity financing be abandoned, the deferred financing costs will be expensed immediately as a charge to operating expenses in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.

As of December 31, 2020 and 2021, deferred

financing

costs of nil and

US$2.3 million

were recorded in the consolidated balance sheet, respectively. See Note 7—Other

Non-current

Assets.

(

)

Value Added Taxes

(

)

Revenue Recognition

The Group

accounts for its revenue contracts in accordance with

ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC

606

)

US$

1.0

million, respectively.

S$0.6 million

US$0.9 million and

US$

0.7

million, respectively.

Practical Expedients and Exemptions

(

)

Cost of Revenues

(

)

Research and Development Expenses

(

)

Software Development Costs

The Group accounts for costs to develop or obtain internal use software in accordance with ASC

350-40,

Internal-Use

(

)

Sales and Marketing Expenses

(

)

General and Administrative Expenses

(

)

Income Tax

more-likely-than-not

(

)

Share-based Compensation

Share Options Granted

2016-09,

Liability Classified Awards

For the Venture Partners Plan awards (See Note

-Share-based

true-up

Restricted Shares and Restricted Share Units (“RSUs”)

post-IPO

is determined based on the closing quoted price of the Company’s ordinary share on the date of grant.

—Share-based Compensation.

(

)

Related Parties

(

)

Dividends

(

)

Losses Per Share

two-class

method, net income loss is allocated between ordinary shares and other participating securities (that is, the Preferred Shares) based on their participating rights.

if-converted

(ee)

Comprehensive Loss

(ff)

Segment Reporting

The following table presents the Group’s revenues disaggregated by primary geographical markets:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2020		2021

	(US$ thousand)
Primary geographical markets based on customers’ location
PRC	$	50,584	$	107,092	$	117,944
United States		5,296		10,019		17,281
Others		8,548		16,453		32,757

Total revenues	$	64,428	$	133,564	$	167,982

The majority of the Group’s long-lived assets are located and maintained within the PRC.

(

)

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

New and Amended Standards Adopted by the Group

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU

2018-13,

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU

2016-02,

Leases (“ASC 842”). Under the new guidance, lessees will be required to recognize a lease liability and a

right-of

) above.

In connection with the adoption of ASC 842, on January 1, 2021, the Company recorded an impact of

$6.5 million on its assets and liabilities for the recognition of operating lease

right-of-use-assets

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU

2019-12—Income

2019-12

New and Amended Standards not yet Adopted by the Group

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU

2020-06,

“Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic

470-20)

and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic

815-40),”

earnings-per-share

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU

2021-08,

Share-based Compensation - Compensation Expenses (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation	$ 31,481,000	$ 11,974,000	$ 4,253,000
Equity award – share options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation	16,672,000	7,192,000	2,179,000
Equity award - restricted shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation	3,385,000	1,193,000	981,000
Share-based compensation, amount capitalized	0	0	0
Equity award - restricted shares \| Chief Executive Officer
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation	700,000	900,000	800,000
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation	5,588,000	136,000	0
Liability award – share options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation	0	0	960,000
Liability award – restricted shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation	0	0	133,000
Liability award – Venture Partners Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation	5,836,000	3,453,000	0
Restricted Shares, Post-Combination Compensation
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation	2,700,000	300,000	0
Shares Post Combination Compensation [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation	5,700,000	0	0
API Restricted Shares Post Combination Compensation [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Incremental sharebased compensation expense	700,000
Cost of revenues
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation	879,000	357,000	80,000
Research and development expenses
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation	19,737,000	5,312,000	1,473,000
Sales and marketing expenses
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation	4,843,000	2,061,000	1,654,000
General and administrative expenses
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation	$ 6,022,000	$ 4,244,000	$ 1,046,000